Dynamic transition theory for thermohaline circulation

DOI10.1016/J.PHYSD.2009.10.014MaRDI QIDQ2268949zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Tian Ma, Shouhong Wang

Publication date 15 March 2010

Published in Physica D (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0903.2253

zbMATH Keywords

convection scale lawdynamic transitionmultiple equilibriaperiodic solutionsthermohaline circulation

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Dynamical systems in fluid mechanics, oceanography and meteorology (37N10)

Abstract: The main objective of this and its accompanying articles is to derive a mathematical theory associated with the thermohaline circulations (THC). This article provides a general transition and stability theory for the Boussinesq system, governing the motion and states of the large-scale ocean circulation. First, it is shown that the first transition is either to multiple steady states or to oscillations (periodic solutions), determined by the sign of a nondimensional parameter $K$, depending on the geometry of the physical domain and the thermal and saline Rayleigh numbers. Second, for both the multiple equilibria and periodic solutions transitions, both Type-I (continuous) and Type-II (jump) transitions can occur, and precise criteria are derived in terms of two computable nondimensional parameters $b_1$ and $b_2$. Associated with Type-II transitions are the hysteresis phenomena, and the physical reality is represented by either metastable states or by a local attractor away from the basic solution, showing more complex dynamical behavior. Third, a convection scale law is introduced, leading to an introduction of proper friction terms in the model in order to derive the correct circulation length scale. In particular, the dynamic transitions of the model with the derived friction terms suggest that the THC favors the continuous transitions to stable multiple equilibria. Applications of the theoretical analysis and results to different flow regimes will be explored in the accompanying articles.

Review text

This work provides a study on dynamic transition of the Boussinesq equations using molecular viscosity and diffusion and anisotropic friction. They are basic equations describing the motion and states of large scale ocean circulations. Two criteria are derived in this work: (1) A non-dimensional parameter is introduced to distinguish the multiple steady state and oscillatory spatiotemporal patterns. These patterns play an important role in understanding of the mechanism of thermohaline circulations in different oceanic basins; (2) Both the multiple equilibria and periodic solutions transitions, continuous and jump transitions can occur depending, respectively, on the signs of two computable non-dimensional parameters. A convection scale law is introduced, providing a method to introduce proper friction terms in the model in order to derive the correct circulation length scale. The analyses proper friction terms shows that the thermohaline circulation appears to be associated with the continuous transitions of stable multiple equilibria. The basic results are represented in 4 theorems and 5 figures.

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Cited in

(27)

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