Vanishing zones and the topology of non-isolated singularities
Singularities in algebraic geometry (14B05) Singularities of surfaces or higher-dimensional varieties (14J17) Real-analytic and semi-analytic sets (14P15) Real-analytic manifolds, real-analytic spaces (32C05) Local complex singularities (32S05) Complex surface and hypersurface singularities (32S25) Deformations of complex singularities; vanishing cycles (32S30) Modifications; resolution of singularities (complex-analytic aspects) (32S45) Milnor fibration; relations with knot theory (32S55)
Let \(f : (\mathbb{C}^n, 0) \to (\mathbb{C}, 0)\) be a complex analytic function germ. It is well-known that the restriction map \[f_| : f^{-1}(D^*_\eta) \cap \mathbb{B}_\epsilon \to D^*_\eta, \quad x \mapsto f(x),\] is a locally trivial fibration for any \(\epsilon\gg\eta > 0\) sufficiently small, where \(\mathbb{B}_\epsilon := \{x \in \mathbb{C}^n : \|x\| \le \epsilon\}\) and \(D^*_\eta := \{t \in \mathbb{C} : 0 < |t| < \eta\}.\) Let \(L_t := f^{-1}(t) \cap \mathbb{S}_\epsilon\) and \(L(\Sigma) := \Sigma \cap \mathbb{S}_\epsilon\) where \(\mathbb{S}_\epsilon := \partial \mathbb{B}_\epsilon\) and \(\Sigma\) stands for the critical set of \(f.\) Then \(L_t\) \((t \ne 0)\) is a smooth submanifold of \(\mathbb{S}_\epsilon\) that degenerates to the link \(L_0\) as \(t\) goes to \(0.\) The first main result of this paper says that there exists a {\em vanishing zone} for \(f\) which means a compact regular neighborhood \(W\) of \(L(\Sigma)\) in \(\mathbb{S}_\epsilon \) such that its boundary \(\partial W\) is smooth and intersects \(L_0\) transversally in \(\mathbb{S}_\epsilon,\) in the stratified sense, and for every \(t\) sufficiently near \(0,\) the smooth manifold \(L_t \setminus \stackrel{\circ} W\) is diffeomorphic to \(L_0 \setminus \stackrel{\circ} W,\) where \(\stackrel{\circ} W\) is the interior of \(W.\) Moreover, if \(\Sigma\) is either a smooth submanifold or it has an isolated singularity, then the vanishing zone \(W\) is a fiber bundle over \(L(\Sigma)\) with fiber a \(2(n - k)\)-dimensional ball in \(\mathbb{S}_\epsilon\), where \(k\) is the complex dimension of \(\Sigma.\) Next the authors give sufficient conditions that grant the existence of a vanishing zone for real analytic map germs \((\mathbb{R}^n, 0) \to (\mathbb{R}^m, 0)\) (with \(n > m > 0\)) and for map germs of the type \(f \bar{g}: (\mathbb{C}^n, 0) \to (\mathbb{C}, 0)\) with \(f\) and \(g\) being complex analytic function germs. Some interesting examples are also discussed in each section of the paper.
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