Numerical instability of the Akhmediev breather and a finite-gap model of it

DOI10.1007/978-3-030-04807-5_2MaRDI QIDQ2275145zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors P. G. Grinevich, P. M. Santini

Publication date 2 October 2019

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1708.00762

zbMATH Keywords

rogue wavessplit-step Fourier methodAkhmediev breather

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Soliton theory, asymptotic behavior of solutions of infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian systems (37K40) NLS equations (nonlinear Schrödinger equations) (35Q55) Simulation of dynamical systems (37M05) Error bounds for initial value and initial-boundary value problems involving PDEs (65M15)

Abstract: In this paper we study the numerical instabilities of the NLS Akhmediev breather, the simplest space periodic, one-mode perturbation of the unstable background, limiting our considerations to the simplest case of one unstable mode. In agreement with recent theoretical findings of the authors, in the situation in which the round-off errors are negligible with respect to the perturbations due to the discrete scheme used in the numerical experiments, the split-step Fourier method (SSFM), the numerical output is well-described by a suitable genus 2 finite-gap solution of NLS. This solution can be written in terms of different elementary functions in different time regions and, ultimately, it shows an exact recurrence of rogue waves described, at each appearance, by the Akhmediev breather. We discover a remarkable empirical formula connecting the recurrence time with the number of time steps used in the SSFM and, via our recent theoretical findings, we establish that the SSFM opens up a vertical unstable gap whose length can be computed with high accuracy, and is proportional to the inverse of the square of the number of time steps used in the SSFM. This neat picture essentially changes when the round-off error is sufficiently large. Indeed experiments in standard double precision show serious instabilities in both the periods and phases of the recurrence. In contrast with it, as predicted by the theory, replacing the exact Akhmediev Cauchy datum by its first harmonic approximation, we only slightly modify the numerical output. Let us also remark, that the first rogue wave appearance is completely stable in all experiments and is in perfect agreement with the Akhmediev formula and with the theoretical prediction in terms of the Cauchy data.

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Cited in

(12)

• The periodic Cauchy problem for PT-symmetric NLS. I: The first appearance of rogue waves, regular behavior or blow up at finite times
• The finite-gap method and the periodic NLS Cauchy problem of anomalous waves for a finite number of unstable modes
• Hidden Akhmediev breathers and vector modulation instability in the defocusing regime
• The exact rogue wave recurrence in the NLS periodic setting via matched asymptotic expansions, for 1 and 2 unstable modes
• Riemann surfaces close to degenerate ones in the theory of rogue waves
• The linear and nonlinear instability of the Akhmediev breather
• The Akhmediev breather is unstable
• Numerical study of the transverse stability of the Peregrine solution
• The effect of loss/gain and Hamiltonian perturbations of the Ablowitz—Ladik lattice on the recurrence of periodic anomalous waves
• Modulation instability, periodic anomalous wave recurrence, and blow up in the Ablowitz–Ladik lattices
• The periodic N breather anomalous wave solution of the Davey–Stewartson equations; first appearance, recurrence, and blow up properties
• Phase resonances of the NLS rogue wave recurrence in the quasisymmetric case

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