The finite-gap method and the periodic NLS Cauchy problem of anomalous waves for a finite number of unstable modes

DOI10.1070/RM9863MaRDI QIDQ5220224zbMATH OpenWikidataFDO

Authors P. G. Grinevich, P. M. Santini

Publication date 11 March 2020

Published in Russian Mathematical Surveys (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1810.09247

zbMATH Keywords

asymptotics in terms of elementary functionsfinite-gap approximationfocusing nonlinear Schrödinger equationperiodic Cauchy problem for anomalous wavesRiemann surfaces close to degenerate ones

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Soliton solutions (35C08) NLS equations (nonlinear Schrödinger equations) (35Q55) Completely integrable infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems, integration methods, integrability tests, integrable hierarchies (KdV, KP, Toda, etc.) (37K10) Nonlinear waves in solid mechanics (74J30) Water waves, gravity waves; dispersion and scattering, nonlinear interaction (76B15) Solitary waves for incompressible inviscid fluids (76B25) Lasers, masers, optical bistability, nonlinear optics (78A60)

Abstract: The focusing Nonlinear Schr"odinger (NLS) equation is the simplest universal model describing the modulation instability (MI) of quasi monochromatic waves in weakly nonlinear media, and MI is considered the main physical mechanism for the appearence of anomalous (rogue) waves (AWs) in nature. In this paper we study, using the finite gap method, the NLS Cauchy problem for generic periodic initial perturbations of the unstable background solution of NLS (what we call the Cauchy problem of the AWs), in the case of a finite number $N$ of unstable modes. We show how the finite gap method adapts to this specific Cauchy problem through three basic simplifications, allowing one to construct the solution, at the leading and relevant order, in terms of elementary functions of the initial data. More precisely, we show that, at the leading order, i) the initial data generate a partition of the time axis into a sequence of finite intervals, ii) in each interval $I$ of the partition, only a subset of $calN(I)leN$ unstable modes are "visible", and iii) the NLS solution is approximated, for $tinI$, by the $calN(I)$-soliton solution of Akhmediev type, describing the nonlinear interaction of these visible unstable modes, whose parameters are expressed in terms of the initial data through elementary functions. This result explains the relevance of the $m$-soliton solutions of Akhmediev type, with $mleN$, in the generic periodic Cauchy problem of the AWs, in the case of a finite number $N$ of unstable modes.

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Cited in

(17)

• The exact rogue wave recurrence in the NLS periodic setting via matched asymptotic expansions, for 1 and 2 unstable modes
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