Degree bounds for separating invariants

DOI10.4310/MRL.2010.V17.N6.A15MaRDI QIDQ2275764zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Martin Kohls, Hanspeter Kraft

Publication date 9 August 2011

Published in Mathematical Research Letters (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1001.5216

zbMATH Keywords

affine \(G\)-varietylinear algebraic grouppolynomial invariantseparating set

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Actions of groups on commutative rings; invariant theory (13A50) Geometric invariant theory (14L24) Group actions on varieties or schemes (quotients) (14L30)

Abstract: If V is a representation of a linear algebraic group G, a set S of G-invariant regular functions on V is called separating if the following holds: If two elements v,v' from V can be separated by an invariant function, then there is an f from S such that f(v) is different from f(v'). It is known that there always exist finite separating sets. Moreover, if the group G is finite, then the invariant functions of degree <= |G| form a separating set. We show that for a non-finite linear algebraic group G such an upper bound for the degrees of a separating set does not exist. If G is finite, we define b(G) to be the minimal number d such that for every G-module V there is a separating set of degree less or equal to d. We show that for a subgroup H of G we have b(H) <= b(G) <= [G:H] b(H)$,andthatb(G)<=b(G/H)b(H)$ in case H is normal. Moreover, we calculate b(G) for some specific finite groups.

Review text

Given a linear algebraic group \(G\) and a \(G\)-module \(V\) (finite dimensional over a fixed algebraically closed base field) on which \(G\) acts regularly, denote by \(\beta_{\mathrm{sep}}(G,V)\) the minimal nonnegative integer \(d\) such that the \(G\)-invariant polynomial functions on \(V\) of degree at most \(d\) constitute a separating set in the algebra of all \(G\)-invariant polynomial functions on \(V\). Moreover, denote by \(\beta_{\mathrm{sep}}(G)\) the supremum of \(\beta_{\mathrm{sep}}(G,V)\) over all \(G\)-modules \(V\). The first main result of the present paper is that \(\beta_{\mathrm{sep}}(G)\) is finite if and only if \(G\) is finite. (Recall that it is known that for a finite group \(G\) the number \(\beta_{\mathrm{sep}}(G)\) is bounded by the order of \(G\).) The second main result is that for a subgroup \(H\) of a finite group \(G\) we have the inequalities \(\beta_{\mathrm{sep}}(H)\leq \beta_{\mathrm{sep}}(G)\leq [G:H]\beta_{\mathrm{sep}}(H)\), and when \(H\) is normal, then \(\beta_{\mathrm{sep}}(G)\leq \beta_{\mathrm{sep}}(H)\beta_{\mathrm{sep}}(G/H)\). These results extend to separating sets known statements on generating sets in algebras of polynomial invariants, due to \textit{R. M. Bryant} and \textit{G. Kemper} [J. Algebra 284, 80--90 (2005; Zbl 1085.13001)], \textit{H. Derksen} and \textit{G. Kemper} [CRM Proceedings \& Lecture Notes 35, 37--41 (2004; Zbl 1072.14056)], and \textit{B. J. Schmid} [Lect. Notes Math. 1478, 35--66 (1991; Zbl 0770.20004)].

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