Zero-separating invariants for linear algebraic groups

Abstract: Let

G

be a linear algebraic group over a field

k

, and let

V

be a

G

-module. Recall that the nullcone of

(G, V)

is the set of points

v

in

V

with the property that

f (v) = 0

for every positive degree homogeneous invariant

f

in

k [V]^{G}

. We define numbers

d e l t a (G, V)

and

s i g m a (G, V)

associated with a given representation as follows:

d e l t a (G, V)

is the smallest number

d

such that, for any point

v

in

V^{G}

outside the nullcone, there exists an invariant

f

of degree at most

d

such that

f (v)

is not zero;

s i g m a (G, V)

is the same thing with

V^{G}

replaced by

V

. If k has positive characteristic, we show that

d e l t a (G, V)

is infinite for all subgroups of

G L_{2} (k)

containing a unipotent subgroup, and that

s i g m a (G, V)

is finite if and only if

G

is finite. If

k

has characteristic zero we show that

d e l t a (G, V) = 1

for all linear algebraic groups and that if

s i g m a (G, V)

is finite then the connected component of

G

is unipotent.

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