Variations for some Painlevé equations

DOI10.3842/SIGMA.2019.088MaRDI QIDQ2280427zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Primitivo Belén Acosta-Humánez, M. van der Put, Jaap Top

Publication date 18 December 2019

Published in SIGMA. Symmetry, Integrability and Geometry: Methods and Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1705.07625

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zbMATH Keywords

Hamiltonian systemsvariational equationsdifferential Galois groupsPainlevé equations

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Painlevé and other special ordinary differential equations in the complex domain; classification, hierarchies (34M55) Painlevé-type functions (33E17)

Abstract: This paper first discusses irreducibility of a Painlev'e equation $P$. We explain how the Painlev'e property is helpful for the computation of special classical and algebraic solutions. As in a paper of Morales-Ruiz we associate an autonomous Hamiltonian $mathbbH$ to a Painlev'e equation $P$. Complete integrability of $mathbbH$ is shown to imply that all solutions to $P$ are classical (which includes algebraic), so in particular $P$ is solvable by quadratures. Next, we show that the variational equation of $P$ at a given algebraic solution coincides with the normal variational equation of $mathbbH$ at the corresponding solution. Finally, we test the Morales-Ramis theorem in all cases $P_2$ to $P_5$ where algebraic solutions are present, by showing how our results lead to a quick computation of the component of the identity of the differential Galois group for the first two variational equations. As expected there are no cases where this group is commutative.

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Cited in

(4)

• On a modified version of a solvable ODE due to Painlevé
• Classical solutions of the degenerate fifth Painlevé equation
• Some examples for the Poincaré and Painlevé problems
• Nonintegrability of the Painlevé IV equation in the Liouville–Arnold sense and Stokes phenomena

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