Distributed load-side control: coping with variation of renewable generations

DOI10.1016/J.AUTOMATICA.2019.108556zbMATH Open1429.93235arXiv1804.04941OpenAlexW2970431200MaRDI QIDQ2280949FDOQ2280949

Authors: Zhaojian Wang, ShengWei Mei, Feng Liu, Steven H. Low, Peng Yang 

Publication date: 19 December 2019

Published in: Automatica (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: This paper addresses the distributed frequency control problem in a multi-area power system taking into account of unknown time-varying power imbalance. Particularly, fast controllable loads are utilized to restore system frequency under changing power imbalance in an optimal manner. The imbalanced power causing frequency deviation is decomposed into three parts: a known constant part, an unknown low-frequency variation and a high-frequency residual. The known steady part is usually the prediction of power imbalance. The variation may result from the fluctuation of renewable resources, electric vehicle charging, etc., which is usually unknown to operators. The high-frequency residual is usually unknown and treated as an external disturbance. Correspondingly, in this paper, we resolve the following three problems in different timescales: 1) allocate the steady part of power imbalance economically; 2) mitigate the effect of unknown low-frequency power variation locally; 3) attenuate unknown high-frequency disturbances. To this end, a distributed controller combining consensus method with adaptive internal model control is proposed. We first prove that the closed-loop system is asymptotically stable and converges to the optimal solution of an optimization problem if the external disturbance is not included. We then prove that the power variation can be mitigated accurately. Furthermore, we show that the closed-loop system is robust against both parameter uncertainty and external disturbances. The New England system is used to verify the efficacy of our design.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1804.04941

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zbMATH Keywords

distributed controlinternal model controlfrequency regulationrenewable generationload-side control

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Sensitivity (robustness) (93B35) Asymptotic stability in control theory (93D20) Frequency-response methods in control theory (93C80)

Cites Work

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• Breaking the Hierarchy: Distributed Control and Economic Optimality in Microgrids
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• An internal model approach to (optimal) frequency regulation in power grids with time-varying voltages
• A real-time control framework for smart power networks: design methodology and stability

Cited In (8)

• An internal model approach to (optimal) frequency regulation in power grids with time-varying voltages
• Cooperative fixed-time/finite-time distributed robust optimization of multi-agent systems
• Distributed optimal load frequency control for multi-area power systems with controllable loads
• Power-imbalance allocation control of power systems-secondary frequency control
• A Riemannian optimization approach to the radial distribution network load flow problem
• Dynamic consensus and extended high gain observers as a tool to achieve practical frequency synchronization in power systems under unknown time-varying power demand
• Distributed consensus-based optimization of multiple load aggregators for secondary frequency control
• Distributed optimal load frequency control considering nonsmooth cost functions

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