Higher width moonshine

DOI10.1016/J.AIM.2019.106896MaRDI QIDQ2281328zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 19 December 2019

Published in Advances in Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1807.07210

group characters moonshine orthogonality relations

Holomorphic modular forms of integral weight (11F11) Relationship to Lie algebras and finite simple groups (11F22) Forms of half-integer weight; nonholomorphic modular forms (11F37) Jacobi forms (11F50) Representations of sporadic groups (20C34) Applications of group representations to physics and other areas of science (20C35)

Abstract: extit{Weak moonshine} for a finite group

G

is the phenomenon where an infinite dimensional graded

G

-module

V_G=�igoplus_{ngg-infty}V_G(n)

has the property that its trace functions, known as McKay-Thompson series, are modular functions. Recent work by DeHority, Gonzalez, Vafa, and Van Peski established that weak moonshine holds for every finite group. Since weak moonshine only relies on character tables, which are not isomorphism class invariants, non-isomorphic groups can have the same McKay-Thompson series. We address this problem by extending weak moonshine to arbitrary width

s i n m a t h b b Z^{+}

. For each

1 l e q r l e q s

and each irreducible character

c h i_{i}

, we employ Frobenius'

r

-character extension

c h i_{i}^{(r)} c o l o n G^{(r)} i g h t a r r o w m a t h b b C

to define extit{width

r

McKay-Thompson series} for

V_{G}^{(r)} := V_{G} i m e s c d o t s i m e s V_{G}

(

r

copies) for each

r

-tuple in

G^{(r)} := G i m e s c d o t s i m e s G

(

r

copies). These series are modular functions which then reflect differences between

r

-character values. Furthermore, we establish orthogonality relations for the Frobenius

r

-characters, which dictate the compatibility of the extension of weak moonshine for

V_{G}

to width

s

weak moonshine.

Review text

This paper establishes a `higher width' version of weak moonshine which distinguishes between non-isomorphic groups. For a finite group \(G\), weak moonshine asserts there is an infinite-dimensional graded \(G\)-module \[ V_G = \bigoplus_{n\in \{-d\}\cup \mathbb{Z}^+} V_G(n) \] for \(d>0\) sufficiently large, such that the McKay-Thompson series \[ T_g(\tau) = \sum_{n\gg -\infty} \operatorname{Tr} \left(g\vert V_G(n)\right)q^n =\sum_{n \gg -\infty} \sum_{1\leq i \leq t} m_i(n)\chi_i (g)q^n \] (\(g\in G, q=e^{2\pi i \tau}, \tau \in \operatorname{H}\)) are modular functions. Here, for \(1\leq i \leq t\) let \(m_i(n)\) denote the multiplicity of the irreducible representation \(\rho_i\) of \(G\) in \(V_G(n)\) and \(\chi_i\) be the corresponding irreducible character. It is proved in [\textit{S.\ DeHority} et al., Res.\ Math.\ Sci.\ 5, No.\ 1, Paper No.\ 14, 34 p.\ (2018; Zbl 1440.11059)] that weak moonshine holds for every finite group, however in this setting non-isomorphic groups might produce the same weak moonshine data. To develop a higher width generalization that differentiates between non-isomorphic groups, the authors replace \(\chi_i(g)\) for \(g\in G\) with Frobenius \(r\)-characters \(\chi_i^{(r)}(\underline{g})\) defined for \(\underline{g} \in G^{(r)} = G\times G\times \cdots \times G\) (\(r\)-copies). Then a group \(G\) is said to have \textit{width \(s\) weak moonshine} for \(s\in \mathbb{Z}^+\) if the width \(r\) McKay-Thompson series \[ T(r,\underline{g},\tau ) =\sum_{n \gg -\infty} \sum_{1\leq i \leq t} m_i(n)\chi_i^{(r)} (\underline{g})q^n \] is a weakly holomorphic modular function for each \(1\leq r\leq s\) and \(\underline{g} \in G^{(r)}\). In this way, higher width weak moonshine theory incorporates the original weak moonshine theory. However, the presence of the Frobenius \(r\)-characters means the higher width theory can distinguish between non-isomorphic groups. Theorem 1.1, which is the main result of the paper, establishes that for any \(s\in \mathbb{Z}^+\) a finite group has width \(s\) weak moonshine, and that it is asymptotically regular. To establish this result, the authors also develop general results pertaining to the orthogonality of the Frobenius \(r\)-characters. As pointed out in the paper, these results are of interest in character theory and complete work began by Frobenius, Hoehnke, and Johnson. To illustrate the usefulness of their results, examples are provided of non-isomorphic groups sharing the same weak moonshine but emitting different higher width moonshines.

Recommendations

Cites work

Cited in

(3)

This page was built for publication: Higher width moonshine

Report a bug (only for logged in users!)Click here to report a bug for this page (MaRDI item Q2281328)