Fourier series in BMO with number theoretical implications

DOI10.1007/S00208-019-01882-9MaRDI QIDQ2290809zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Fernando Chamizo, Antonio Córdoba, Adrián Ubis

Publication date 29 January 2020

Published in Mathematische Annalen (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1812.08747

Hardy spaces (30H10) BMO-spaces (30H35) Trigonometric series of special types (positive coefficients, monotonic coefficients, etc.) (42A32)

Abstract: We introduce an elementary argument to bound the

e x t r m B M O

seminorm of Fourier series with gaps giving in particular a sufficient condition for them to be in this space. Using finer techniques we carry out a detailed study of the series

s u m n^{- 1} e^{2 p i i n^{2} x}

providing some insight into how much this

e x t B M O

Fourier series differs from defining an

L^{i} n f t y

function.

Review text

The paper has the following double purpose. \begin{itemize} \item[1.] To give a sufficient condition for the series \(f=\sum_{k=1}^\infty b_ke(v_kx)\) to belong to BMO and to estimate \(\|f\|_\ast\) using the Hilbert inequality in the generalized form stated by \[ \sum_{r\neq s}\frac{\omega_r\overline{\omega}_s}{\lambda_r-\lambda_s}\le \frac{3\pi}2\sum_r|\omega_r|^2\delta_r^{-1},\tag{1} \] where \(\lambda_r\) are real numbers with \(|\lambda_r-\lambda_s|\ge \delta_r>0\) for any \(s\neq r\). Recall that BMO, or more precisely BMO(\(\mathbb T\)), is the space of 1-periodic integrable functions \(f\) such that \[ \|f\|_\ast:=\sup_{\mathrm{interval}\,I\subset \mathbb T}\|f\|_I<\infty\quad \text{with}\quad \|f\|_I:=\frac1{|I|}\int_I|f-f_I|. \] An advantage of this approach is that the proof of this interesting result is short and completely elementary, because so is the proof of the above inequality (1), not depending on the duality \((H^1)^\ast=\mathrm{BMO}\). \item[2.] To show how other analytic number theory tools give precise information about the remarkable Fourier series \[ F(x):=\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{e(n^2x)}{n}, \] or roughly speaking to look into how far is this BMO function from being bounded \(L^\infty\). Namely, the authors fully characterize the points in which the series converges and provide fine estimates for the measure of level sets \(\{x\in I:\ |F(x)-F_I|>\lambda\}\). \end{itemize}

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