A counterexample to the weak density of smooth maps between manifolds in Sobolev spaces

DOI10.1007/S00222-019-00911-3zbMATH Open1433.58009arXiv1401.1649OpenAlexW2964802701WikidataQ125012314 ScholiaQ125012314MaRDI QIDQ2290963FDOQ2290963

Fabrice Béthuel

Publication date: 29 January 2020

Published in: Inventiones Mathematicae (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: The present paper presents a counterexample to the sequentially weak density of smooth maps between two manifolds $M$ and $N$ in the Sobolev space $W^{1,p}(M,N)$, in the case $p$ is an integer. It has been shown that, if $p<dimM$ is not an integer and the $[p]$-th homotopy group $p{i}_{[p]}(N)$ of $N$ is not trivial, $[p]$ denoting the largest integer less then $p$, then smooth maps are not sequentially weakly dense in $W^{1,p}(M,N)$ for the strong convergence. On the other, in the case $p<dimM$ is an integer, examples have been provided where smooth maps are actually sequentially weakly dense in $W^{1,p}(M,N)$ with $p{i}_p(N)ot=0$. This is the case for instance for $M=mathbb{B}^m$, the standard ball in $mathbb{R}^m$, and $N=mathbb{S}^p$ the standard sphere of dimension $p$, for which $p{i}_p(N)=mathbbZ$. The main result of this paper shows however that such a property does not holds for arbitrary manifolds $N$ and integers $p$.Our counterexample deals with the case $p=3$, $dimMgeq4$ and $N=mathbb{S}^2$, for which the homotopy group $p{i}_3(mathbb{S}^2)=mathbbZ$ is related to the Hopf fibration.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1401.1649

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zbMATH Keywords

Sobolev spacesmooth mapsnot sequentially weakly densenot weakly approximable

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Sobolev spaces and other spaces of ``smooth functions, embedding theorems, trace theorems (46E35) Statistical mechanics of liquids (82D15) Differentiable maps on manifolds (58C25)

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Cited In (8)

• Obstruction theory for the approximation and the deformation problems for Sobolev mappings
• A new obstruction to the extension problem for Sobolev maps between manifolds
• Sequential weak approximation for maps of finite Hessian energy
• Weakly differentiable mappings between manifolds
• Weak approximation by bounded Sobolev maps with values into complete manifolds
• Topological singular set of vector-valued maps. I: Applications to manifold-constrained Sobolev and BV spaces
• Weak density of smooth maps for the Dirichlet energy between manifolds
• Uniform boundedness principles for Sobolev maps into manifolds

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