Families of feebly continuous functions and their properties

DOI10.1016/J.TOPOL.2020.107077MaRDI QIDQ2295670zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Tomasz Natkaniec, M. Balcerzak, Małgorzata Terepeta

Publication date 14 February 2020

Published in Topology and its Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.12068

zbMATH Keywords

algebrabilityfeeble continuitytwo-feeble continuityvery feeble continuity

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Vector spaces, linear dependence, rank, lineability (15A03) Continuity and differentiation questions (26B05) Continuous maps (54C05) Real-valued functions in general topology (54C30)

Abstract: Let $fcolonmathbb{R}^{2}omathbbR$. The notions of feebly continuity and very feebly continuity of $f$ at a point $langlex,yangleinmathbb{R}^2$ were considered by I. Leader in 2009. We study properties of the sets $FC(f)$ (respectively, $VFC(f)supsetFC(f)$) of points at which $f$ is feebly continuous (very feebly continuous). We prove that $VFC(f)$ is densely nonmeager, and, if $f$ has the Baire property (is measurable), then $FC(f)$ is residual (has full outer Lebesgue measure). We describe several examples of functions $f$ for which $FC(f)eqVFC(f)$. Then we consider the notion of two-feebly continuity which is strictly weaker than very feebly continuity. We prove that the set of points where (an arbitrary) $f$ is two-feebly continuous forms a residual set of full outer measure. Finally, we study the existence of large algebraic structures inside or outside various sets of feebly continuous functions.

Review text

Say that a function \(f:\mathbb R^2\to\mathbb R\) is feebly continuous at \((x,y)\) if there are sequences \(x_n\searrow x\) and \(y_n\searrow y\) such that \(\lim_{n\to\infty}\lim_{m\to\infty}f(x_n,y_m)=f(x,y)\). This notion should not be confused with the notion of feeble continuity introduced by \textit{Z. Frolík} [Czech. Math. J. 11(86), 381--385 (1961; Zbl 0104.17204)]. The weaker condition very feebly continuous allows the sequence \(\langle y_m\rangle\) to be replaced by sequences \(\langle y_m^{(n)}\rangle\). It is shown that even for arbitrary functions there are points of very feeble continuity: the set of such points is densely nonmeagre. If \(f\) has the Baire property (resp. is Lebesgue measurable) then its set of points of feeble continuity is residual (resp. has full outer Lebesgue measure).

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