Nice results about quadratic type functional equations on semigroups
Let \((S,+)\) be an abelian semigroup, \(\sigma\) an involution on \(S\), \(X\) a linear space over \(\mathbb{K}\in\{\mathbb{R},\mathbb{C}\}\) and \(\mu,\nu\) linear combinations of Dirac measures on \(X\). The following functional equation with unknown mapping \(f: S\to X\) is considered in the paper: \[ \int_S f(x+y+t)\,d\mu(t)+\int_S f(x+\sigma(y)+t)\,d\nu(t)=f(x)+f(y),\qquad x,y\in S.\tag{\(*\)} \] The equation (\(*\)) generalizes many classical functional equations, including the Cauchy, Jensen and quadratic ones. The main result of the paper states that if \(\mu(S)=\nu(S)=\frac{1}{2}\), the general solution of (\(*\)) is given by \[ f(x)=Q(x,x)+A(x)+\int_S\left(Q(t,t)+A(t)\right)\,d(\mu+\nu)(t),\qquad x\in S, \] where \(A: S\to X\) is an additive mapping, \(Q: S\times S\to X\) is a symmetric bi-additive mapping such that \[ Q(x,\sigma(y))=-Q(x,y),\qquad x,y\in S, \] and \[ \int_S Q(x,t)\,d\mu(t)=-\int_S Q(x,t)\,d\nu(t)=\frac{1}{8}\left(A(x)-A(\sigma(x))\right),\quad x\in S. \] A great number of corollaries, as well as applications of the main theorem, complete the paper.
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