Discrepancy bounds for the distribution of the Riemann zeta-function and applications

DOI10.1007/S11854-019-0063-1MaRDI QIDQ2299596zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Youness Lamzouri, S. J. Lester, Maksym Radziwiłł

Publication date 21 February 2020

Published in Journal d'Analyse Mathématique (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1402.6682

distribution theorems Riemann zeta function

(zeta (s)) and (L(s, chi)) (11M06) Multiple Dirichlet series and zeta functions and multizeta values (11M32) Integrals of Riemann, Stieltjes and Lebesgue type (26A42)

Abstract: We investigate the distribution of the Riemann zeta-function on the line

R e (s) = s i g m a

. For

f r a c 12 < s i g m a l e 1

we obtain an upper bound on the discrepancy between the distribution of

z e t a (s)

and that of its random model, improving results of Harman and Matsumoto. Additionally, we examine the distribution of the extreme values of

z e t a (s)

inside of the critical strip, strengthening a previous result of the first author. As an application of these results we obtain the first effective error term for the number of solutions to

z e t a (s) = a

in a strip

f r a c 12 < s i g m a_{1} < s i g m a_{2} < 1

. Previously in the strip

f r a c 12 < s i g m a < 1

only an asymptotic estimate was available due to a result of Borchsenius and Jessen from 1948 and effective estimates were known only slightly to the left of the half-line, under the Riemann hypothesis (due to Selberg) and to the right of the abscissa of absolute convergence (due to Matsumoto). In general our results are an improvement of the classical Bohr-Jessen framework and are also applicable to counting the zeros of the Epstein zeta-function.

Review text

For any complex-valued function $f:{\mathbb{R}}\to {\mathbb{C}}$ and any rectangle $R\subset {\mathbb{C}}$, let $P_T$ denote the proportion function: \[ P_T(f(t)\in R) = \frac{1}{T}\operatorname{meas}\{t\in [T,2T]\mid f(t)\in R\}. \] Let $X=\{X(p)\mid p \text{ prime}\}$ denote a sequence of independent random variables, uniformly distributed on the complex unit circle, parameterized by the set of prime numbers. Denote the asociated random Euler product by \[ \zeta(s,X)=\prod_p (1-X(p)p^{-s})^{-1},\quad s=\sigma+it,\ \sigma>1/2. \] It's know that this product converges almost surely. Let $P(\log \zeta(s,X)\in R)$ denote the probability that the random variable $\log \zeta(s,X)$ belongs to $R$. Define the descrepancy to be \[ D_\sigma(T)=\sup_R |P_T(\log \zeta(\sigma+it)\in R)-P(\log \zeta(s,X)\in R)|, \] where the sup is taken over all rectangles whose sides are parallel to the coordinate axes. The main results of the article under review are as follows. \begin{itemize} \item For $1/2<\sigma <1$, we have $D_\sigma(T)<<(\log T)^{-\sigma},$ where the implied constant depends on $\sigma$. A similar estimate holds for $\sigma=1$. \item For $1/2<\sigma <1$ and for each sufficiently small $\epsilon>0$, we have $D_\sigma(T)=\Omega (T^{1-2\sigma-\epsilon}),$ where the implied constant depends on $\sigma,\epsilon$. \item For $a\in {\mathbb{C}}^\times$ and $1/2<\sigma_1<\sigma_2<1$, let $N_a(\sigma_1,\sigma_2,T)=\#\{(\sigma,t)\mid \sigma_1<\sigma<\sigma_2, T<t<2T, \zeta(\sigma+it)=a\}$ denote the number of $a$-points in the stated rectangle. There is a constant $c(a,\sigma_1,\sigma_2) >0$ such that \[ N_a(\sigma_1,\sigma_2,T)=c(a,\sigma_1,\sigma_2)T+ O(T\frac{\log\log T}{(\log T)^{\sigma_1/2}}). \] \item For $1/2<\sigma <1$ there is a constant $b(\sigma)>0$, such that for all $3<\tau<b(\sigma)(\log T)^{1-\sigma}(\log \log T)^{1-\frac{1}{\sigma}}$, \[ P_T(Re\{\log \zeta(\sigma+it)\}>\tau) =P(Re\{\log \zeta(s,X)\}>\tau)+\text{ error}, \] where the lower order error term is explicitly estimated. A similar estimate is obtained by replacing the real part $Re$ by the imaginary part $Im$. \end{itemize} More carefully stated versions of these results are given in the paper under review.

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