On the homogeneous ergodic bilinear averages with Möbius and Liouville weights

DOI10.1215/00192082-8165574MaRDI QIDQ2305596zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Publication date 11 March 2020

Published in Illinois Journal of Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.07280, https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.ijm/1583463695

Liouville function multilinear ergodic averages Möbius function Pinsker algebra Sarnak's conjecture

Arithmetic combinatorics; higher degree uniformity (11B30) Asymptotic results on arithmetic functions (11N37) Measure-preserving transformations (28D05) Ergodic theorems, spectral theory, Markov operators (37A30) Relations between ergodic theory and number theory (37A44) Ergodic theory of linear operators (47A35)

Abstract: It is shown that the homogeneous ergodic bilinear averages with M"{o}bius or Liouville weight converge almost surely to zero, that is, if

T

is a map acting on a probability space

(X, m a t h c a l A, m u)

, and

a, b i n m a t h b b Z

, then for any

f, g i n L^{2} (X)

, for almost all

x i n X

,

{frac{1}{N}}sum_{n=1}^{N}

u(n) f(T^{an}x) g(T^{bn}x) longrightarrow 0, ext{ as } N longrightarrow +infty, where $u$ is the Liouville function or the M"{o}bius function. We further obtain that the convergence almost everywhere holds for the short interval with the help of Zhan's estimation. Also our proof yields a simple proof of Bourgain's double recurrence theorem. Moreover, we establish that if $T$ is weakly mixing and its restriction to its Pinsker algebra has singular spectrum, then for any integer $k g e q 1$ , for any $f_{j} i n L^{i n f t y} (X)$ , $j = 1, c d o t s, k,$ for almost all $x i n X$ , we have {frac{1}{N}} sum_{n=1}^{N}

u(n) prod_{j=1}^{k}f_j({T_j}^nx) longrightarrow 0, ext{ as } N longrightarrow +infty,

where

T_{j}

are some powers of

T

,

j = 1, c d o t s, k

.

Review text

The goal of this paper is to prove that homogeneous ergodic bilinear averages with Möbius or Liouville weight converge almost surely to zero. More precisely, if $T$ is a map acting on a probability space $(X,\mathcal A,\nu)$ and $a,b \in \mathbb Z$, then for any $f,g \in L^2(X)$, for almost all $x \in X$, \[ \frac1{N}\sum_{n=1}^{N}\nu(n) f(T^{an}x)g(T^{bn}x) \rightarrow 0. \] Here $\nu$ is the Liouville function or the Möbius function. This result, in some sense, extends Sarnak's result which asserts that the ergodic averages with Möbius or Liouville weight converge almost surely to zero. The author proves that the convergence holds almost everywhere for the short interval with the help of \textit{T. Zhan}'s estimation [Chin. Ann. Math., Ser. B 12, No. 4, 421--431 (1991; Zbl 0749.11038)]. His proof yields also a simple proof of Bourgain's double recurrence theorem. Moreover, he proves that if $T$ is weakly mixing and its restriction to its Pinsker algebra has a singular spectrum, then for any integer $k \geq 1$, for any $f_j \in L^{\infty}(X),$ $j=1,\dots,k$, for almost all $x \in X$, one has \[ \frac1{N}\sum_{n=1}^{N}\nu(n) \prod_{j=1}^{k}f_j(T^{nj}x) \rightarrow 0. \]

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