The Birkhoff theorem for unitary matrices of prime-power dimension

DOI10.1016/J.LAA.2019.05.007MaRDI QIDQ2321347zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Alexis De Vos, Stijn De Baerdemacker

Publication date 29 August 2019

Published in Linear Algebra and its Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1812.08833

zbMATH Keywords

Birkhoff theoremunitary matrixpermutation matrix

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Hermitian, skew-Hermitian, and related matrices (15B57) Canonical forms, reductions, classification (15A21)

Abstract: The unitary Birkhoff theorem states that any unitary matrix with all row sums and all column sums equal unity can be decomposed as a weighted sum of permutation matrices, such that both the sum of the weights and the sum of the squared moduli of the weights are equal to unity. If the dimension~$n$ of the unitary matrix equals a power of a prime $p$, i.e. if $n=p^w$, then the Birkhoff decomposition does not need all $n!$ possible permutation matrices, as the epicirculant permutation matrices suffice. This group of permutation matrices is isomorphic to the general affine group GA($w,p$) of order only $p^w(p^w-1)(p^w-p)\mathrm{...}(p^w-p^{w-1})llleft(p^{w}ight)!$.

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Cited in

(5)

• A Birkhoff Connection Between Quantum Circuits and Linear Classical Reversible Circuits
• The group of dyadic unitary matrices.
• The decomposition of an arbitrary \(2^w \times 2^w\) unitary matrix into signed permutation matrices
• The Birkhoff theorem for unitary matrices of prime dimension
• The Birkhoff theorem for unitary matrices of arbitrary dimensions

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