The Birkhoff theorem for unitary matrices of prime-power dimension

DOI10.1016/J.LAA.2019.05.007zbMATH Open1420.15012arXiv1812.08833OpenAlexW2906322550MaRDI QIDQ2321347FDOQ2321347

Stijn De Baerdemacker, Alexis De Vos

Publication date: 29 August 2019

Published in: Linear Algebra and its Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: The unitary Birkhoff theorem states that any unitary matrix with all row sums and all column sums equal unity can be decomposed as a weighted sum of permutation matrices, such that both the sum of the weights and the sum of the squared moduli of the weights are equal to unity. If the dimension~$n$ of the unitary matrix equals a power of a prime $p$, i.e. if $n=p^w$, then the Birkhoff decomposition does not need all $n!$ possible permutation matrices, as the epicirculant permutation matrices suffice. This group of permutation matrices is isomorphic to the general affine group GA($w,p$) of order only $p^w(p^w-1)(p^w-p)\mathrm{...}(p^w-p^{w-1})llleft(p^{w}ight)!$.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1812.08833

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zbMATH Keywords

Birkhoff theoremunitary matrixpermutation matrix

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Hermitian, skew-Hermitian, and related matrices (15B57) Canonical forms, reductions, classification (15A21)

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Cited In (2)

• A Birkhoff Connection Between Quantum Circuits and Linear Classical Reversible Circuits
• The decomposition of an arbitrary \(2^w \times 2^w\) unitary matrix into signed permutation matrices

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