The width of ellipsoids

DOI10.4310/CAG.2019.V27.N2.A1MaRDI QIDQ2321848zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Nicolau Sarquis Aiex

Publication date 26 August 2019

Published in Communications in Analysis and Geometry (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1601.01032

zbMATH Keywords

Almgren-Pittsgeodesic networksgeodesicsminmaxwidth

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Geometric measure and integration theory, integral and normal currents in optimization (49Q15) Global Riemannian geometry, including pinching (53C20) Integral geometry (53C65)

Abstract: We compute the $k$-width of a round $2$-sphere for $k=1,ldots,8$ and we use this result to show that unstable embedded closed geodesics can arise with multiplicity as a min-max critical varifold.

Review text

The paper is concerned with geodesic networks obtained on a \(2\)-dimensional Riemannian sphere via Almgren-Pitts minmax contructions, and with the corresponding \(k\)-widths (where \(k\) is the number of parameters in the minmax). Computations are carried out specifically for \(k=1, \dots, 8\). The case in which the ambient dimension \(n+1\) is equal to \(2\) is peculiar, when compared to higher-dimensional cases. Certain properties of the stationary varifolds obtained via the minmax for \(3\leq n+1\leq 7\) are not true in the case \(n=1\). One of these is embeddedness: For \(n=1\), geodesic networks, rather than embedded geodesics, arise in general from the minmax construction. In this paper, the author shows that, for any \(k\), the density of the geodesic network is everywhere given by an integer (in particular, a triple junction, where there is a point with density \(3/2\), is not permitted). A second aspect in which \(n=1\) differs considerably from the case \(3\leq n+1\leq 7\) is the multiplicity of the stationary varifold: the author proves that an unstable embedded closed geodesic with multiplicity \(2\) can arise as minmax critical varifold on an ellipsoid (sufficiently close to the standard sphere), for a minmax construction with \(k\) parameters, with \(4\leq k\leq 8\). This is in stark contrast with Marques-Neves' multiplicity-\(1\) conjecture, whose validity is established by \textit{X. Zhou} in [``On the multiplicity one conjecture in min-max theory, Preprint, \url{arXiv:1901.01173}]: According to this, minmax varifolds (with any number of parameters) appear with unit multiplicity when \(3\leq n+1\leq 7\). An additional consequence of the arguments in this paper is an example of stationary varifold, that realizes the \(k\)-th width of an ellipsoid, for which the sum of the index and nullity is strictly smaller than \(k\) (as before, \(k\leq 8\)). Here, index and nullity are computed by using ambient deformations induced by vector fields. Once again, \(n=1\) is peculiar: Due to the possibility, for example, of self-intersecting curves, ambient deformations do not reflect all deformations that are encoded in the minmax procedure.

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Cited in

(21)

• 2-widths of the Hölder unit balls
• The first \(p\)-widths of the unit disk
• Min-max theory for networks of constant geodesic curvature
• Partial differential equations. Abstracts from the workshop held July 25--31, 2021 (hybrid meeting)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1000519 (Why is no real title available?)
• The mean width of the oloid and integral geometric applications of it
• Min-max widths of the real projective 3-space
• A short note about 1-width of Lens spaces
• The first and second widths of the real projective space
• Morse inequalities for the area functional
• The first width of non-negatively curved surfaces with convex boundary
• Double-well phase transitions are more rigid than minimal hypersurfaces
• A free boundary minimal surface via a 6-sweepout
• The p-widths of a surface
• A Gap in the Morse Index of Minimal Hypersurfaces in the Product of Spheres
• Index of embedded networks in the sphere
• Strong multiplicity one theorems and homological min-max theory
• The \(p\)-widths of \(\mathbb{RP}^2\)
• The isospectral problem for p-widths: an application of Zoll metrics
• Min-max minimal hypersurfaces with higher multiplicity
• Index, intersections, and multiplicity of min-max geodesics

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