Three-variable expanding polynomials and higher-dimensional distinct distances

DOI10.1007/S00493-017-3773-YMaRDI QIDQ2322508zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Le Anh Vinh, Frank de Zeeuw, Pham Van Thang

Publication date 4 September 2019

Published in Combinatorica (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1612.09032

zbMATH Keywords

expanding polynomials

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Erd?s problems and related topics of discrete geometry (52C10)

Abstract: We determine which quadratic polynomials in three variables are expanders over an arbitrary field $mathbbF$. More precisely, we prove that for a quadratic polynomial $finmathbbF[x,y,z]$, which is not of the form $g(h(x)+k(y)+l(z))$, we have $|f(AimesBimesC)|gg{N}^{3/2}$ for any sets $A,B,CsubsetmathbbF$ with $|A|=|B|=|C|=N$, with $N$ not too large compared to the characteristic of $mathbbF$. We give several applications. We use this result for $f=(x-y{)}^2+z$ to obtain new lower bounds on $|A+A^2|$ and $max|A+A|,|A^2+A^2|$, and to prove that a Cartesian product $AimescdotsimesAsubsetmathbb{F}^d$ determines almost $|A{|}^2$ distinct distances if $|A|$ is not too large.

Review text

Let \(\mathbb{F}\) be a field of characterstic \(p>0\), or, if its the characteristic is 0, set \(p=\infty\). A polynomial \(f \in \mathbb{F}[x_1, \dots, x_k]\) is called an \textit{expander} if there are \(\alpha > 1\), \(\beta > 0\) such that foar all sets \(A_1, \dots, A_k \subset \mathbb{F}\) of size \(N \ll p^\beta\) we have \(\vert f(A_1\times \dots \times A_k\vert \gg N^\alpha\). Given \(P \subset \mathbb{F}^d\), the \textit{distance set} is defined as \[ \Delta(P):= \left\{\sum_{i=1}^d (x_i-y_i)^2 : (x_1, \dots, x_d), (y_1, \dots, y_d) \in P\right\}.\] \par Here are the main results.\par Theorem 1. Let \(f\in \mathbb{F}[x, y, z]\) be a quadratic polynomial that depends on each variable and is not of the form \(g(h(x) + k(y) + l(z))\). Let \(A, B, C \subset F\) with \(\vert A\vert = \vert B\vert = \vert C\vert = N\). Then \[\vert f(A\times B \times C)\vert \gg \min\left\{N^{3/2}, p\right\}.\]\par Theorem 2. For \(A\subset \mathbb{F}\) with \(\vert A\vert \ll p^{5/8}\), we have \(\vert A + A^2\vert \gg \vert A\vert ^{6/5}\). \par Theorem 3. For \(A\subset \mathbb{F}\) with \(\vert A\vert \ll p^{5/8}\), \(\max \left\{\vert A + A\vert, \vert A^2 + A^2\vert \right\} \gg \vert A\vert ^{6/5}\). \par Theorem 4. For \(A\subset \mathbb{F}\), we have \(\vert \Delta(A^d)\vert \gg_d \min \left\{\vert A\vert ^{2-\frac{1}{2^{d-1}}}, p \right\}\).\par Theorem 5. For \(A\subset \mathbb{R}\) and \(d\geq 2\), we have \(\vert \Delta(A^d)\vert \gg \frac{\vert A\vert ^2}{\log^{1/2^{d-2}}\vert A\vert }\).\par Two more complex theorems deal with higher dimensions.

Recommendations

• Four-variable expanders over the prime fields
• New bounds for distance-type problems over prime fields
• EXPANDING POLYNOMIALS ON SETS WITH FEW PRODUCTS
• Expanding polynomials: a generalization of the Elekes-Rónyai theorem to \(d\) variables
• On the structure of distance sets over prime fields

Cited in

(19)

• On three-variable expanders over finite valuation rings
• Distribution of distances in positive characteristic
• Expanding phenomena over matrix rings
• A family of four-variable expanders with quadratic growth
• Analogues of the Balog-Wooley decomposition for subsets of finite fields and character sums with convolutions
• Expanding polynomials: a generalization of the Elekes-Rónyai theorem to \(d\) variables
• A sharp exponent on sum of distance sets over finite fields
• Products of differences over arbitrary finite fields
• Four-variable expanders over the prime fields
• A note on sum-product estimates over finite valuation rings
• On the structure of distance sets over prime fields
• Exponential sum estimates over prime fields
• New results on sum-product type growth over fields
• Incidences of Möbius transformations in \(\mathbb{F}_p\)
• Falconer type functions in three variables
• Expansion for the product of matrices in groups
• On Falconer type functions and the distance set problem
• Expansion properties of polynomials over finite fields
• A sharp point-sphere incidence bound for (u, s)-Salem sets

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