Homoclinics for singular strong force Lagrangian systems
Homoclinic and heteroclinic solutions to ordinary differential equations (34C37) Periodic, homoclinic and heteroclinic orbits of finite-dimensional Hamiltonian systems (37J46) Action-minimizing orbits and measures for finite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems; variational principles; degree-theoretic methods (37J51) Spaces of measurable functions ((L^p)-spaces, Orlicz spaces, Köthe function spaces, Lorentz spaces, rearrangement invariant spaces, ideal spaces, etc.) (46E30) Lagrange's equations (70H03) Homoclinic and heteroclinic trajectories for nonlinear problems in mechanics (70K44)
The authors study the existence of homoclinic solutions for the following class of Lagrangian systems: \[ \frac{d}{dt}\left(\nabla \Phi(\dot{u}(t))\right) +\nabla_u V(t,u(t)) = 0,\] \[ \lim_{t\rightarrow \pm \infty}u(t)=\lim_{t\rightarrow \pm \infty}\dot{u}(t) = 0, \] where \(t\in \mathbb{R}\), \(\Phi:\mathbb{R}^n\rightarrow [0,\infty)\) is a \(G\)-function in the sense of \textit{N. S. Trudinger} [Stud. Math. 50, 17--30 (1974; Zbl 0247.46052)], and \(V:\mathbb{R}\times\left(\mathbb{R}^n\setminus\{\xi\}\right)\rightarrow \mathbb{R}\) is a \(C^1\) smooth potential possessing a single well of infinite depth at a point \(\xi\in \mathbb{R}^n\setminus \{0\}\) and a strict global maximum \(0\) at the origin. Note that a similar investigation for a system such that \(\Phi(x)=\frac{1}{2}|x|^2\), \(x\in \mathbb{R}^2\), was done by \textit{P. H. Rabinowitz} [in: Geometric analysis and the calculus of variations. Cambridge, MA: International Press. 267--296 (1996; Zbl 0936.37035)], who already noticed the role and importance of the strong force condition introduced by \textit{W. B. Gordon} [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 204, 113--135 (1975; Zbl 0276.58005)]. Both the Rabinowitz theorem and Theorem 1.2 of the paper under review are variational in nature. The main contribution of the present authors is a series of technical results proved in Section 2 which provides a correct framework which enables them to treat the above problem as an action functional minimizing problem in an appropriate Sobolev-Orlicz space. The proof of Theorem 1.2 is then completed in Section 3, where the authors find two minimizers of the action functional winding around the singularity in opposite directions.
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