Supercuspidal representations of GL_n(F) distinguished by a Galois involution

DOI10.2140/ANT.2019.13.1677MaRDI QIDQ2325555zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Publication date 26 September 2019

Published in Algebra \& Number Theory (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1807.07482

\(p\)-adic reductive group cuspidal representation distinguished representation Galois involution modular representation

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Representation-theoretic methods; automorphic representations over local and global fields (11F70) (p)-adic theory, local fields (11F85) Representations of Lie and linear algebraic groups over local fields (22E50)

Abstract: Let

F / F_{0}

be a quadratic extension of non-Archimedean locally compact fields of residual characteristic

p e q 2

, and let

s i g m a

denote its non-trivial automorphism. Let

R

be an algebraically closed field of characteristic different from

p

. To any cuspidal representation

p i

of

{m G L}_{n} (F)

, with coefficients in

R

, such that

p i^{s i g m a} s i m e q p i^{v e e}

(such a representation is said to be

s i g m a

-selfdual) we associate a quadratic extension

D / D_{0}

, where

D

is a tamely ramified extension of

F

and

D_{0}

is a tamely ramified extension of

F_{0}

, together with a quadratic character of

D_{0}^{i m e s}

. When

p i

is supercuspidal, we give a necessary and sufficient condition, in terms of these data, for

p i

to be

{m G L}_{n} (F_{0})

-distinguished. When the characteristic

e l l

of

R

is not

2

, denoting by

o m e g a

the non-trivial

R

-character of

F_{0}^{i m e s}

trivial on

F / F_{0}

-norms, we prove that any

s i g m a

-selfdual supercuspidal

R

-representation is either distinguished or

o m e g a

-distinguished, but not both. In the modular case, that is when

e l l > 0

, we give examples of

s i g m a

-selfdual cuspidal non-supercuspidal representations which are not distinguished nor

o m e g a

-distinguished. In the particular case where

R

is the field of complex numbers, in which case all cuspidal representations are supercuspidal, this gives a complete distinction criterion for arbitrary complex cuspidal representations, as well as a purely local proof, for cuspidal representations, of the dichotomy and disjunction theorem due to Kable and Anandavardhanan-Kable-Tandon.

Review text

Let \(F/F_0\) be a quadratic extension of non-Archimedean local fields of residual characteristic \(p\neq 2\), and denote the Galois involution by \(\sigma\). Let \(\omega = \omega_{F/F_0}\) be the quadratic character of \(F_0^\times\) trivial on the image of the norm \(N_{F/F_0}\). Denote \(G=GL_n(F)\) and \(G^\sigma = GL_n(F_0)\). Let \(R\) be an algebraically closed field of characteristic \(\ell \neq p\). One may ask under what conditions is an irreducible \(R\)-representation \(\pi\) of \(G\) distinguished resp. \(\omega\)-distinguished, i.e., satisfying \(\mathrm{Hom}_{G^\sigma}(\pi,1)\neq 0\) resp. \(\mathrm{Hom}_{G^\sigma}(\pi,\omega\circ \det)\neq 0\). Classically, when \(R=\mathbb{C}\), it is known that a distinguished irreducible representation is necessarily \(\sigma\)-selfdual, which means that the contragredient \(\pi^\vee\) of \(\pi\) is isomorphic to \(\pi\circ \sigma\). Some converse statements are also known, e.g., when \(R=\mathbb{C}\) and char\((F)=0\), if a discrete series representation is \(\sigma\)-selfdual, then it is either distinguished or \(\omega\)-distinguished (the Dichotomy Theorem) but not both (the Disjunction Theorem). In the paper under review, the author provides certain distinction criteria for supercuspidal representations, those not appearing as sub-quotients of proper parabolically induced representations, under mild conditions on \(F\) and \(R\). His criteria involve two structural data of a given supercuspidal: a tamely ramified extension \(D/F\) equipped with an involution extending \(\sigma\), and a character \(\delta_0\) of \((D^\sigma)^\times \), either trivial or equal to \(\omega_{D/D^\sigma}\). He asserts that when \(p\neq 2\), a \(\sigma\)-selfdual supercuspidal \(R\)-representation of \(G\) is distinguished if and only if either \(\ell=2\), or \(\ell\neq 2\) and certain conditions on the data \((F/F_0,D/D^\sigma,\delta_0)\) are satisfied. The precise conditions are stated in Theorem 1.2. The method he uses is purely local. We first view an irreducible supercuspidal \(\pi\) as a cuspidal representation, which means that its proper Jacquet modules are all zero. It is known that \(\pi\) is compactly induced from an extended maximal simple type, or a type for short, which is a finite dimensional irreducible representation \(\boldsymbol{\lambda}\) of a compact-mod-center open subgroup \(\boldsymbol{J}\). The pair \((\boldsymbol{J},\boldsymbol{\lambda})\) is uniquely determined by \(\pi\) up to \(G\)-conjugacy. The type \(\boldsymbol{\lambda}\) can be decomposed into a tensor product \(\boldsymbol{\boldsymbol{\kappa}}\otimes \boldsymbol{\rho}\). Here \(\boldsymbol{\boldsymbol{\kappa}}\) is an extension of the Heisenberg representation associated to the simple character attached to \(\boldsymbol{\lambda}\) (see Section 5D for the meanings of these terminologies), and \(\boldsymbol{\rho}\) is a type whose restriction to the unique maximal compact subgroup \({J}\) is of level zero. By definition, \(\boldsymbol{\rho}\) is trivial on the normal pro-p-subgroup \(J^1\) of \(J\), and \(\boldsymbol{\rho}|_J\) is inflated from a cuspidal representation \(\rho\) of the finite reductive quotient \(J/J^1\cong GL_m(\boldsymbol{l})\), for some \(m\in \mathbb{N}\) and some finite field extension \(\boldsymbol{l}\) over the residue field \(\boldsymbol{k}\) of \(F\). It is the residue field of the tame parameter field \(T\) associated to \(\boldsymbol{\lambda}\), a tamely ramified extension of \(F\) equipped with an involution extending \(\sigma\). The field \(D\) is unramified over \(T\) of degree \(m\). He shows that if \(\pi\) is cuspidal and \(\sigma\)-selfdual, then it contains a \(\sigma\)-selfdual type, which means that \(\boldsymbol{J}\) is \(\sigma\)-invariant and \(\boldsymbol{\lambda}^\vee\cong \boldsymbol{\lambda}\circ \sigma\). In this case, \(\pi\) is distinguished if and only if it contains a distinguished \(\sigma\)-selfdual type. He then separates into two cases, depending on whether the tame parameter field \(T\) is unramified over \(T^\sigma\) or not. If \(T/T^\sigma\) is unramified, there is a unique \(G^\sigma\)-conjugacy class of \(\sigma\)-selfdual types in \(\pi\), while if \(T/T^\sigma\) is ramified, we choose the \(G^\sigma\)-conjugacy class of \(\sigma\)-selfdual types with `maximal index'. He shows that \(\pi\) is distinguished if and only if the types in the above chosen class are distinguished. If \( \boldsymbol{\lambda} = \boldsymbol{\boldsymbol{\kappa}}\otimes \boldsymbol{\rho}\), to assure that \(\boldsymbol{\kappa}\) can be chosen to be distinguished, we require \(\pi\) to be supercuspidal, or equivalently \(\rho\) to be supercuspidal. The distinction problem is now reduced to the level zero case, and is then handled by the author by extending the results of \textit{C. Coniglio-Guilloton} [Bull. Soc. Math. Fr. 144, No. 2, 163--216 (2016; Zbl 1348.22023)].

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