Least action principles for incompressible flows and geodesics between shapes

DOI10.1007/S00526-019-1636-7zbMATH Open1428.35376arXiv1604.03387OpenAlexW2979047716WikidataQ127215235 ScholiaQ127215235MaRDI QIDQ2328010FDOQ2328010

Authors: Jian-Guo Liu, Robert L. Pego, Dejan Slepčev 

Publication date: 8 October 2019

Published in: Calculus of Variations and Partial Differential Equations (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: As V. I. Arnold observed in the 1960s, the Euler equations of incompressible fluid flow correspond formally to geodesic equations in a group of volume-preserving diffeomorphisms. Working in an Eulerian framework, we study incompressible flows of shapes as critical paths for action (kinetic energy) along transport paths constrained to have characteristic-function densities. The formal geodesic equations for this problem are Euler equations for incompressible, inviscid potential flow of fluid with zero pressure and surface tension on the free boundary. The problem of minimizing this action exhibits an instability associated with microdroplet formation, with the following outcomes: Any two shapes of equal volume can be approximately connected by an Euler spray---a countable superposition of ellipsoidal geodesics. The infimum of the action is the Wasserstein distance squared, and is almost never attained except in dimension 1. Every Wasserstein geodesic between bounded densities of compact support provides a solution of the (compressible) pressureless Euler system that is a weak limit of (incompressible) Euler sprays. Each such Wasserstein geodesic is also the unique minimizer of a relaxed least-action principle for a two-fluid mixture theory corresponding to incompressible fluid mixed with vacuum.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1604.03387

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zbMATH Keywords

Euler equationsfree boundarysurface tensionincompressible fluid flow

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

PDEs in connection with fluid mechanics (35Q35) Monge-Ampère equations (35J96) Free boundary problems for PDEs (35R35) Geodesics in global differential geometry (53C22) Numerical aspects of computer graphics, image analysis, and computational geometry (65D18) Capillarity (surface tension) for incompressible inviscid fluids (76B45) Variational problems in applications to the theory of geodesics (problems in one independent variable) (58E10) Hydrology, hydrography, oceanography (86A05)

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Cited In (17)

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Uses Software

• EMD

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