Genus theory and -conjectures on p-class groups

DOI10.1016/J.JNT.2019.07.008MaRDI QIDQ2329282zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Publication date 17 October 2019

Published in Journal of Number Theory (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.02922

$\varepsilon$-conjectures $p$-ramification class groups class-field theory genus theory

Other abelian and metabelian extensions (11R20) Class numbers, class groups, discriminants (11R29) Class field theory (11R37)

Abstract: We suspect that the ``genus part of the class number of a number field K may be an obstruction for an ``easy proof of the classical p-rank epsilon-conjecture for p-class groups and, a fortiori, for a proof of the ``strong epsilon-conjecture: # (Cl_K otimes �_p) <<_(d,p,epsilon) ( $s q r t$ D_K)^epsilon for all K of degree d. We analyze the weight of genus theory in this inequality by means of an infinite family of degree p cyclic fields with many ramified primes, then we prove the p-rank epsilon-conjecture: # (Cl_K otimes F_p) <<_(d,p,epsilon) ( $s q r t$ D_K)^epsilon, for d=p and the family of degree p cyclic extensions (Theorem 2.5) then sketch the case of arbitrary base fields. The possible obstruction for the strong form, in the degree p cyclic case, is the order of magnitude of the set of ``exceptional p-classes given by a well-known non-predictible algorithm, but controled thanks to recent density results due to Koymans--Pagano. Then we compare the epsilon-conjectures with some p-adic conjectures, of Brauer- Siegel type, about the torsion group T_K of the Galois group of the maximal abelian p-ramified pro-p-extension of totally real number fields K. We give numerical computations with the corresponding PARI/GP programs.

Review text

Let $K$ be an algebraic number field of degree $d$ and for prime $p$ denote by $h_K[p]$ the number of ideal classes $X$ in $K$ satisfying $X^p=1$. It is conjectured (\textit{the $\varepsilon$-conjecture\/}) that for every $\varepsilon>0$ one has \[ h_K[p]\le C(\varepsilon,p,d)D_K^\varepsilon,\tag{1} \] where $D_K$ is the absolute value of the discriminant of $K$. For $p=2$ this follows from the Gaussian theory of genera. \textit{J. S. Ellenberg} and \textit{A. Venkatesh} [Int. Math. Res. Not. 2007, No. 1, Article ID rnm002, 18 p. (2007; Zbl 1130.11060)] proved that the General Riemann Hypothesis implies the bound \[ h_K[p]\le D_K^{1/2-a+\varepsilon}\tag{2} \] with $a=1/(2p(d-1))$ and obtained also $h_K[3]\ll D_K^{1/2+\varepsilon}$ for $d=2,3$. Later \textit{J. Ellenberg} et al. [Algebra Number Theory 11, No. 8, 1739--1778 (2017; Zbl 1398.11136)] established (2) for almost all fields of degree $d\le5$ and large $p$, assuming in the case $d=4$ that the Galois group of the normal closure of $K$ is not dihedral. The author establishes the conjecture (1) for all fields in the family $\mathcal{F}_p$ defined in the following way. For prime $p$ let $l_1<l_2<\cdots$ be the sequence of all primes congruent to $1$ mod $p$. The family $\mathcal{F}_p$ consists of all cyclic extensions $K/Q$ of degree $p$ having its conductor of the form $\prod_{i=1}^Nl_i$ ($N=1,2,\dots$), assuming additionally in the case $p=2$ that $2$ is unramified in $K$. The proof is based on previous results of the author on the structure of finite $Z_p[G]$-modules for $G$ being the cyclic group of $p$ elements [\textit{G. Gras}, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., Math. Sci. 127, No. 1, 1--34 (2017; Zbl 1410.11122)]. He discusses also the \textit{strong $\varepsilon$-conjecture} \[ \#(H_K\otimes Z_p)\ll D_K^\varepsilon, \] and in the last part of the paper presents computations supporting this conjecture.

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