A topological interpretation of Viro's gl(1|1)-Alexander polynomial of a graph

DOI10.1016/J.TOPOL.2019.106870MaRDI QIDQ2329341zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 17 October 2019

Published in Topology and its Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.06301

Alexander multivariable polynomial Alexander polynomial Heegaard diagram MOY-type relations quantum invariant trivalent graph

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Knot polynomials (57K14) Finite-type and quantum invariants, topological quantum field theories (TQFT) (57K16) Relations of low-dimensional topology with graph theory (57M15)

Abstract: This is a sequel to [arXiv:1708.09092v2]. For an oriented trivalent graph

G

without source or sink embedded in

S^{3}

, we prove that the

m a t h f r a k g l (1 | 1)

-Alexander polynomial

u n d e r l i n e D e l t a (G, c)

defined by Viro satisfies a series of relations, which we call MOY-type relations in [arXiv:1708.09092v2]. As a corollary we show that the Alexander polynomial

D e l t a_{(G, c)} (t)

studied in [arXiv:1708.09092v2] coincides with

u n d e r l i n e D e l t a (G, c)

for a positive coloring

c

of

G

, where

D e l t a_{(G, c)} (t)

is constructed from certain regular covering space of the complement of

G

in

S^{3}

and it is the Euler characteristic of the Heegaard Floer homology of

G

that we studied before. When

G

is a plane graph, we provide a topological interpretation to the vertex state sum of

u n d e r l i n e D e l t a (G, c)

by considering a special Heegaard diagram of

G

and the Fox calculus on the Heegaard surface.

Review text

In [\textit{Y. Bao} and \textit{Z. Wu}, ``An Alexander polynomial for MOY graphs, Preprint, \url{arXiv:1708.09092}], for each oriented framed trivalent graph \(G\) embedded in \(S^3\) and a positive coloring defined on it, the authors have constructed a polynomial \(\Delta(G,c)(t)\), which comes from a certain Alexander module associated with a regular covering space of the complement of the graph in \(S^3\). It turns out that a multi-variable version of \(\Delta(G,c)(t)\) can be expressed as the Euler characteristic of the Heegaard Floer homology of the graph \(G\), which was studied in an earlier paper by the author. The author shows that the polynomial \(\Delta(G,c)(t)\) satisfies the so called MOY-type relations and is uniquely determined by them. In [St. Petersbg. Math. J. 18, No. 3, 391--457 (2007; Zbl 1149.57024); translation from Algebra Anal. 18, No. 3, 63--157 (2006)], \textit{O. Ya. Viro} generalized the multi-variable Alexander polynomial to trivalent graphs equipped with admissible colorings. This generalization, denoted by \(\underline {\Delta}(G,c)(t)\), is based on the irreducible representations of quantum (super)groups \(\mathcal{U}_q(\mathfrak{gl})(1|1))\) and \(\mathcal{U}_q(sl(2))\). Moreover Viro's \(\mathfrak{gl}(1|1)\)-Alexander generalized polynomial admits a face state sum model. In the paper under review, the author shows that Viro's \(\mathfrak{gl}(1|1)\)-Alexander polynomial \(\underline{\Delta}(G,c)(t)\) satisfies the adopted version of MOY-type relations (Theorem 2.5). Based on this fact, the author proves the main result of the paper (Theorem 3.2), which states that for oriented trivalent graphs without source or sink and with coloring \(c\) whose multiplicities are positive and weights are one the polynomial \(\Delta(G,c)(t)\) actually coincides with Viro's \(\mathfrak{gl}(1|1)\)-Alexander polynomial \(\underline{\Delta}(G,c)(t)\). As a consequence, this provides a geometric interpretation of the polynomial \(\underline{\Delta}(G,c)(t)\).

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