Hyperbolicity for log canonical pairs and the cone theorem

DOI10.1007/S00029-019-0512-9MaRDI QIDQ2334608zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 7 November 2019

Published in Selecta Mathematica. New Series (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1410.2529

cone theorem extremal rays hyperbolicity minimal model program

Minimal model program (Mori theory, extremal rays) (14E30) Birational geometry (14E99) Hyperbolic and Kobayashi hyperbolic manifolds (32Q45)

Abstract: Given a log canonical pair

(X, D e l t a)

, we show that

K_{X} + D e l t a

is nef assuming there is no non-constant map from the affine line with values in the open strata of the stratification induced by the non-klt locus of

(X, D e l t a)

. This implies a generalization of the Cone Theorem where each

K_{X} + D e l t a

-negative extremal ray is spanned by a rational curve that is the closure of a copy of the affine line contained in one of the open strata of

m a t h r m N k l t (X, D e l t a)

. Moreover, we give a criterion of Nakai type to determine when under the above condition

K_{X} + D e l t a

is ample and we prove some partial results in the case of arbitrary singularities.

Review text

Let \(X\) be a complex normal projective variety, and let \(D = \sum_{j \in J} a_j D_j\) be a boundary divisor such that the pair \((X, D)\) is log-canonical. By the classical cone theorem we know that the log-canonical divisor \(K_X+D\) is nef if \(X\) does not contain any rational curves. Assume now that the divisor \(D\) is reduced, i.e. all the coefficient \(a_j\) are equal to one. Following Iitaka's philosophy one would like to study the positivity of \(K_X+D\) in terms of the geometry of the open strata defined by the pair \((X, D)\). The main result of this paper confirms this expectation: let \(X\) be a projective manifold, and let \(D = \sum_{j \in J} D_j\) be a simple normal crossings divisor. Assume that -- any morphism \(f : \mathbb{A}^1 \to X \setminus D\) is constant; -- for any intersection \(D_I =\cap_{i \in I} D_i, \; I \subset J\), any morphism \(f : \mathbb{A}^1 \to (D_I \setminus \cup_{j \in (J \setminus I)} D_j)\) is constant. Then \(K_X + D\) is nef. More generally the author proves the analogous statement for arbitrary log-canonical pairs \((X,D)\) by replacing \(X \setminus D\) with the complement of the non-klt locus \(\mbox{Nklt}(X, D)\) and the other open sets with the corresponding open strata of \(\mbox{Nklt}(X, D)\). Moreover, under the same assumption, he proves that \(K_X+D\) is ample if it is big and the restriction to every log canonical center of \((X, D)\) is big. As a consequence of the technique, one also obtains a more geometric version of the classical cone theorem for log-canonical pairs \((X,D)\): one has \[ \overline{\mbox{NE}}(X) = \overline{\mbox{NE}} (X)_{K_X + D \geq 0} + \sum_{i\in I} \mathbb{R}_{>0}[C_i] \] and the rational curves \(C_i\) generating the \(K_X+D\)-negative extremal rays can be chosen to satisfy one of the two following conditions: -- \(C_i \cap (X \setminus \mbox{Nklt}(X, D))\) contains the image of a non constant morphism \(f : \mathbb{A}^1 \to X\); -- there exists an open stratum \(W\) of \(\mbox{Nklt}(X, D)\) such that \(C_i \cap W\) contains the image of a non-constant morphism \(f : \mathbb{A}^1 \to W\).

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