The fractional Schrödinger equation with singular potential and measure data

DOI10.3934/DCDS.2019298MaRDI QIDQ2335360zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors D. Gómez-Castro, Juan Luis Vázquez

Publication date 14 November 2019

Published in Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1812.02120

zbMATH Keywords

measure datasingular potentialsnonlocal elliptic equationsbounded domainsSchrödinger operators

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Schrödinger operator, Schrödinger equation (35J10) Weak solutions to PDEs (35D30) Boundary values of solutions to elliptic equations and elliptic systems (35J67) Singular elliptic equations (35J75) Fractional partial differential equations (35R11)

Abstract: We consider the steady fractional Schr"odinger equation $Lu+Vu=f$ posed on a bounded domain $Omega$; $L$ is an integro-differential operator, like the usual versions of the fractional Laplacian $(-Delta{)}^s$; $Vge0$ is a potential with possible singularities, and the right-hand side are integrable functions or Radon measures. We reformulate the problem via the Green function of $(-Delta{)}^s$ and prove well-posedness for functions as data.If $V$ is bounded or mildly singular a unique solution of $(-Delta{)}^{s}u+Vu=mu$ exists for every Borel measure $mu$. On the other hand, when $V$ is allowed to be more singular, but only on a finite set of points, a solution of $(-Delta{)}^{s}u+Vu=delt{a}_x$, where $delt{a}_x$ is the Dirac measure at $x$, exists if and only if $h(y)=V(y)|x-y{|}^{-(n+2s)}$ is integrable on some small ball around $x$. We prove that the set $Z=xinOmega:extrmnosolutionof(-Delta{)}^{s}u+Vu=delt{a}_{x}extrmexists$ is relevant in the following sense: a solution of $(-Delta{)}^{s}u+Vu=mu$ exists if and only if $|mu|(Z)=0$. Furthermore, $Z$ is the set points where the strong maximum principle fails, in the sense that for any bounded $f$ the solution of $(-Delta{)}^{s}u+Vu=f$ vanishes on $Z$.

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