A crossing lemma for annular regions and invariant sets with an application to planar dynamical systems
Summary: We present a topological result, named \textit{crossing lemma}, dealing with the existence of a continuum which crosses a topological space between a pair of ``opposite sides. This topological lemma allows us to obtain some fixed point results. In the works of \textit{A. Pascoletti} et al. [Electron. J. Qual. Theory Differ. Equ. 2008, Paper No. 14, 32 p. (2008; Zbl 1211.34050)], and the authors [Matematiche 65, No. 2, 121--168 (2010; Zbl 1246.34039)], we have widely exposed the crossing lemma for planar regions homeomorphic to a square, and we have also presented some possible applications to the theory of topological horseshoes and to the study of chaotic-like dynamics for planar maps. In this work, we move from the framework of the generalized rectangles to two other settings (annular regions and invariant sets), trying to obtain similar results. An application to a model of fluid mixing is given.
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