The local and global zeta functions of Gauss's curve

DOI10.1216/RMJ-2015-45-1-275MaRDI QIDQ2340844zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Beth Malmskog, Jeremy Muskat

Publication date 21 April 2015

Published in Rocky Mountain Journal of Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.rmjm/1428412781

zbMATH Keywords

finite fieldsGauss's curveprojective nonsingular modelZeta function

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Curves over finite and local fields (11G20) (L)-functions of varieties over global fields; Birch-Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture (11G40) Zeta functions and related questions in algebraic geometry (e.g., Birch-Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture) (14G10)

Review text

In this paper, the authors consider the singular curve \(C\subset \mathbb P^2\) over \(\mathbb F_p\), \(p\) prime, defined by the equation \[ x^2t^2+y^2t^2+x^2y^2-t^4=0. \] This curve is known as Gauss's curve. If \(p\) is a prime such that \(p=a^2+b^2\equiv 1\pmod 4\) with \(a+bi\equiv 1 \pmod{2+2i}\), C. F. Gauss claimed the number of all solutions of the congruence \(x^2+y^2+x^2y^2 \equiv 1 \pmod p\) is \((a-1)^2+b^2\), where the two double points at infinity were counted as four points. This is the last entry C. F. Gauss made in his mathematical diary on July 9, 1814. In 1921, \textit{G. Herglotz} [Leipz. Ber. 73, 271--276 (1921; JFM 48.0436.02)] determined the zeta function of \(C\) over \(\mathbb F_p\) (which gives the number of rational points of \(C\) over \(\mathbb F_{p^n}\) for all \(n\)) for \(p\equiv 1 \pmod 4\), with \(p=a^2+b^2\), \(b\) even and \(a\equiv (-1)^{b/2}\pmod 4\). For \(p\equiv 3 \pmod 4\), \textit{F. Lemmermeyer} [Reciprocity laws. From Euler to Eisenstein. Berlin: Springer (2000; Zbl 0949.11002)] proved \(C(\mathbb F_p)\) has \(p+1\) points. In this paper, the authors expand his work to count points of \(C\) over \(\mathbb F_{p^n}\) by considering a projective nonsingular model of \(C\) over \(\mathbb F_{p^2}\), and they show its zeta function is \[ Z_C(u)=\dfrac{(1+pu^2)(1+u)^2}{(1-pu)(1-u)}. \] The authors also extend the definition of the (Hasse-Weil) global zeta function to geometric genus 1 singular curves and compute the global zeta function of \(C\).

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Cites work

• L-functions of singular curves over finite fields
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Cited in

(3)

• Holomorphy of local zeta functions for curves
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3886040 (Why is no real title available?)
• The universal zeta function for curve singularities and its relation with global zeta functions

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