Kernels of higher order Cauchy differences on free groups

DOI10.1007/S00010-014-0325-ZMaRDI QIDQ2340861zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Che Tat Ng

Publication date 21 April 2015

Published in Aequationes Mathematicae (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1007/s00010-014-0325-z

zbMATH Keywords

abelian groupCauchy differencesfinite differencesfree groupsfunctional equationssemigroup

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Difference operators (39A70) Functional equations for functions with more general domains and/or ranges (39B52)

Review text

Let \((S, .)\) be a semigroup and \((H, +)\) be an abelian group. For a function \(f : S \to H\) its Cauchy differences, \(C^m f\), are defined by \[ \begin{aligned} & C^0 f = f,\\ & C^1 f(x_1, x_2) = f(x_1x_2)-f(x_1)-f(x_2),\end{aligned} \] \[ \begin{multlined} C^{m+1}f(x_1, x_2, \dots, x_{m+2}) = C^m f(x_1x_2, x_3, \dots , x_{m+2})\\ -C^m f(x_1, x_3, \dots, x_{m+2})-C^m f(x_2, x_3, \dots , x_{m+2}).\end{multlined} \] \textit{C. T. Ng} and \textit{H. Y. Zhao} [Aequationes Math. 86, No. 1--2, 155--170 (2013; Zbl 1286.39012)] obtained the general solution of \(C^2 f = 0\) for free groups, cyclic groups and permutation groups. In this article, the author extends some results and also solves the equation \(C^3 f=0\) on free groups. In the particular case, where the free group is generated by a single letter, \(C^k f=0\) is solved for a general \(k\).

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Cites work

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Cited in

(11)

• On Cauchy differences of all orders
• Cauchy-difference conservative vector fields for dimension two and three
• Solutions of the \(n\)th-order Cauchy difference equation on groups
• Solutions of the third order Cauchy difference equation on groups
• A pexiderization of Whitehead's equation
• Functions on semigroups with vanishing finite Cauchy differences
• A functional equation related to Whitehead's equation on groups
• Newton's forward difference equation for functions from words to words
• Kernel of the second order Cauchy difference on groups
• Kernel of the third order Cauchy difference on several groups
• The kernel of the second order Cauchy difference on semigroups

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