A Kac model for fermions
The equation of the form \[ \partial_t f^N_k=\frac{1}{N}L^N_k f^N_k+\frac{1}{N}\sum_{s=1}^2 L_{k,k+s}^N f_{k+s}^N+\sum_{s=3}^3 C_{k,k+s}^N f_{k+s}^N,\,\,\, k=1,\dots,N, \] is investigated. It is derived from the equation \[ \partial_t f(x,v)+v\cdot\nabla_x f(x,v)=\int dv_1 \int d \omega B_\theta (v-v_1;\omega) \] \[ \times[f(x,v')f(x,v'_1)(1+(2\pi \hbar)^3\theta f(x,v))(1+(2\pi \hbar)^3\theta f(x,v_1)) \] \[ -f(x,v)f(x,v_1)(1+(2\pi \hbar)^3\theta f(x,v'))(1+(2\pi \hbar)^3\theta f(x,v'_1))], \] where \(f(x,v,t)\) is the probability distribution of a test particle in the classical phase space, \(\theta=1\) or \(\theta=1\). The model consists of a set of \(N\) particles with velocities \((v_1,\dots,v_N)\). The positions are ignored. The evolution is the following: at an exponential time pick a pair of particles (say \(i\) and \(j\)), select a scattering vector \(\omega\in S^2\) and perform the transition \((v_i,v_j)\rightarrow(v'_i,v'_j)\) with the usual elastic collision rules. Consider an \(N\)-particle system whose state space is \(\mathbb R^{3N}\). Introduce a partition of the one particle phase space \(\mathbb R^3\), made by cubic cells of side \(\delta.\) The main goal of the present work is to investigate the limit as \(N\rightarrow \infty\) of the stochastic dynamics presented above to recover, in a suitable sense, a one particle discription ruled by the Uehling-Uhlenbeck equation \[ \partial_t f^\infty_k=C_{k,k+1} f^\infty_{k+1}+C_{k,k+2}f^\infty_{k+2}+ C_{k,k+3} f_{k+3}^\infty \] The grid is removed by looking at the behavior as \(\delta \rightarrow 0\), with \(N\delta^3=(2\pi \hbar)^3\). The main result is following: under some conditions on the cross-section \(B\) and the initial probability distribution for any \(t\geqslant 0\) it holds \(f_k^N(t)\rightarrow f_k^\infty (t)\) in \(L_{\operatorname{loc}}^1(\mathbb R^{3k})\), as \(N\rightarrow \infty\), \(\delta \rightarrow 0\), \(N\delta^3=(2\pi \hbar)^3\).
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