On Ballico-Hefez curves and associated supersingular surfaces

DOI10.2996/KMJ/1426684441MaRDI QIDQ2345632zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Thanh Hoai Hoang, Ichiro Shimada

Publication date 22 May 2015

Published in Kodai Mathematical Journal (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1402.3372, https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.kmj/1426684441

zbMATH Keywords

\(K3\) surfaceplane curvepositive characteristicsupersingularity

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Special algebraic curves and curves of low genus (14H45) Plane and space curves (14H50) Special surfaces (14J25) (K3) surfaces and Enriques surfaces (14J28)

Abstract: Let p be a prime integer, and q a power of p. The Ballico-Hefez curve is a non-reflexive nodal rational plane curve of degree q+1 in characteristic p. We investigate its automorphism group and defining equation. We also prove that the surface obtained as the cyclic cover of the projective plane branched along the Ballico-Hefez curve is unirational, and hence is supersingular. As an application, we obtain a new projective model of the supersingular K3 surface with Artin invariant 1 in characteristic 3 and 5.

Review text

Fix an algebraically closed base field with characteristic \(p>0\) and let \(q\) be a \(p\)-power. The Ballico-Hefez curve is the image of the morphism \(f:\mathbb {P}^1 \to \mathbb {P}^2\) defined by the formula \([s:t] \mapsto [s^{q+1}:t^{q+1}:st^q+ts^q]\). It is a degree \(q+1\) plane curve with \((q^2-q)/2\) ordinary nodes. It appeared in the list of irreducible degree \(q+1\) plane curves whose natural map to its conormal variety has inseparable degree \(q\) [\textit{E. Ballico} and \textit{A. Hefez}, Manuscripta Math. 70, No. 4, 385--396 (1991; Zbl. 0744.14021)] and it was studied in detail in [\textit{S. Fukasawa} et al., Contemp. Math. 574, 37--48 (2012; Zbl 1317.11059)]. Other properties are proved in the paper under review. Fix a positive integer \(d\) coprime to \(q+1\) and let \(S_d \to \mathbb {P}^2\) be a degree \(d\) cyclic covering branched over the Ballico-Hefez curve. The main result of this paper is the existence of degree \(2q\) dominant rational map \(\mathbb {P}^2\dasharrow S_d\) with inseparable degree \(q\). Hence the minimal resolution \(X_d\) of \(S_d\) is supersingular in the sense of Shioda, i.e., its second \(\ell\)-adic cohomology group \(H^2(X_d)\) is generated by the classes of curves. Among the curves of \(X_d\) there are the exceptional divisors over the \((q^2-q)/2\) nodes of the branch curve \(f(\mathbb {P}^1)\) and certain rational curves \(l_P\), one for each \(P\in \mathbb {P}^1(\mathbb {F}_{q^2})\). When either \(d=q+1=4\) or \(d=2\) and \(q+1 =6\), then \(X_d\) is a \(K3\) surface and the authors gives among these curves an explicit basis for the rank \(22\) module \(H^2(X_d)\).

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(3)

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