Field of moduli of generalized Fermat curves of type (k, 3) with an application to non-hyperelliptic dessins d'enfants
A Riemann surface \(S\) can be described as a non-singular irreducible projective complex curve \(C\). The paper under review considers a family of non-hyperelliptic Riemann surfaces having non-trivial automorphisms. They are called generalized Fermat curves of type \((k,3)\), for \(k \geq2\). A Riemann surface \(S\) is such a curve if it admits an automorphism group \(\mathbb {Z } _k^3\) such that \(S/\mathbb {Z} _k^3\) is an orbifold of genus \(0\) with four cone points, each of order \(k\). The main result of the paper is Theorem 3.1, in which the field of moduli of any generalized Fermat curve of type \((k,3)\) is determined, and proved to be a field of definition. This result is then applied to Belyi curves and dessins d'enfants. In particular, Corollary 4.2 states that the absolute Galois group \(\mathrm{Gal}(\bar {\mathbb {Q }} /\mathbb {Q })\) acts faithfully on non-hyperelliptic Belyi curves, and on non-hyperelliptic dessins d'enfants. Finally, explicit equations are computed for some special curves.
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