Isotopy and homotopy invariants of classical and virtual pseudoknots

zbMATH Open1365.57013arXiv1311.3658MaRDI QIDQ2348670FDOQ2348670

Authors: François G. Dorais, Allison Henrich, S. V. Jablan, Inga Johnson 

Publication date: 15 June 2015

Published in: Osaka Journal of Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Pseudodiagrams are knot or link diagrams where some of the crossing information is missing. Pseudoknots are equivalence classes of pseudodiagrams, where equivalence is generated by a natural set of Reidemeister moves. In this paper, we introduce a Gauss-diagrammatic theory for pseudoknots which gives rise to the notion of a virtual pseudoknot. We provide new, easily computable isotopy and homotopy invariants for classical and virtual pseudodiagrams. We also give tables of unknotting numbers for homotopically trivial pseudoknots and homotopy classes of homotopically nontrivial pseudoknots. Since pseudoknots are closely related to singular knots, this work also has implications for the classification of classical and virtual singular knots.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1311.3658

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Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Cites Work

• Virtual knot theory
• A note on unknotting number
• UNKNOTTING NUMBERS AND MINIMAL KNOT DIAGRAMS
• UNLINKING NUMBER AND UNLINKING GAP
• Minimal generating sets of Reidemeister moves
• Classical and virtual pseudodiagram theory and new bounds on unknotting numbers and genus
• Title not available (Why is that?)
• Pseudo diagrams of knots, links and spatial graphs
• The theory of pseudoknots
• On the coloring of pseudoknots

Cited In (8)

• The theory of pseudoknots
• Polynomial and signature invariants for pseudo-links via Goeritz matrices
• On the coloring of pseudoknots
• Tangle insertion invariants for pseudoknots, singular knots, and rigid vertex spatial graphs
• Classical and virtual pseudodiagram theory and new bounds on unknotting numbers and genus
• Labeled singular knots
• The signed weighted resolution set is not a complete pseudoknot invariant
• On \(n\)-trivialities of classical and virtual knots for some unknotting operations

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