On damped second-order gradient systems
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Publication:2351985
Abstract: Using small deformations of the total energy, as introduced in [31], we establish that damped second order gradient systems u^{primeprime}(t)+gamma u^prime(t)+
abla G(u(t))=0,may be viewed as quasi-gradient systems. In order to study the asymptotic behavior of these systems, we prove that any (nontrivial) desingularizing function appearing in KL inequality satisfies whenever the original function is definable and Variants to this result are given. These facts are used in turn to prove that a desingularizing function of the potential also desingularizes the total energy and its deformed versions. Our approach brings forward several results interesting for their own sake: we provide an asymptotic alternative for quasi-gradient systems, either a trajectory converges, or its norm tends to infinity. The convergence rates are also analyzed by an original method based on a one-dimensional worst-case gradient system.We conclude by establishing the convergence of solutions of damped second order systems in various cases including the definable case. The real-analytic case is recovered and some results concerning convex functions are also derived.
The authors develop some new tools for the asymptotic behavior as \(t\to\infty\) of solutions \({u:\mathbb{R}_+\to\mathbb{R}^N}\) of the following second order system \[ u(t)+\gamma u'(t)+\nabla G(u(t))=0,\quad t\in\mathbb{R}_+, \] where \(\gamma\) is a positive real number -- a damping coefficient, \(N\geq 1\) is an integer and \(G\in C^2(\mathbb{R}^N)\) is a real-valued function. This system models, for instance, the motion of an object subject to a force deriving from a potential \(G\) (e.g. gravity) and to a viscous friction force \(-\gamma u'\). The aim of the paper is to provide a deeper understanding of the asymptotic behavior of such a system and of the mechanisms behind the stabilization of trajectories at infinity. The study is mainly based on Kurdyka-Łojasiewicz functions, Łojasiewicz inequality and o-minimal structure. The article contains a long reference list (49 items) and will be of good use for researchers deal with the analysis of gradient-like methods and related problems.
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