A note on semitopological groups and paratopological groups
\textit{M. Tkachenko} proved in [Topology Appl. 161, 364--376 (2014; Zbl 1287.54047)] that for every semitopological group \(G\) and every \(i\in\{0,1,2,3,3.5\}\), there exists a continuous homomorphism \(\varphi_{G,i}:G\to H\) onto a \(T_i\)- (resp., \(T_i\) \& \(T_1\)- for \(i\geq3\)) semitopological group \(H\) such that for every continuous mapping \(f:G\to X\) to a \(T_i\)- (resp., \(T_i\) \& \(T_1\)- for \(i\geq3\)) space \(X\), one can find a continuous mapping \(h:H\to X\) satisfying \(f=h\circ\varphi_{G,i}\). In other words, the semitopological group \(H=T_i(G)\) is a \textit{\(T_i\)-reflection} of \(G\). In the same paper, he gave a description of the \(T_i\)-reflection, for \(i=0,1\) of a semitopological group \(G\) as the quotient of \(G\) with respect to a certain subgroup of \(G\) defined in `internal' terms and posed the following problem: Describe in internal terms the kernel of the canonical homomorphism \(\varphi_{G,2}\) of a semitopological group \(G\) onto \(T_2(G)\). In this paper, the author answers the problem, that is, he proves that for a semitopological group \(G\) with the neutral element \(e\), the \(T_2\)-reflection \(T_2(G)\) of \(G\) is a one-point space \(\{e\}\) or is \((G/N,\pi)\), where \(\pi:G\to G/N\) is the quotient homomorphism, \(N=\bigcap\{UV^{-1}:U,V\in{\mathcal V}\}\) and \({\mathcal V}=\{U:U\) is an open neighborhood of \(e\) in \(G\) and there is some open neighborhood \(V\) of \(e\) such that \(UV^{-1}\neq G\}\). Furthermore, he shows that for an \(\omega\)-cellular regular \(\omega\)-balanced paratopological group, the following conditions are equivalent: (1) the symmetry number of \(G\) is countable, (2) the Hausdorff number of \(G\) is countable and (3) the index of regularity of \(G\) is countable.
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