Three-monotone interpolation

DOI10.1007/S00454-015-9695-9MaRDI QIDQ2354672zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Josef Cibulka, Pavel Paták, Jiří Matoušek

Publication date 20 July 2015

Published in Discrete \& Computational Geometry (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1404.4731

zbMATH Keywords

\(k\)-monotone interpolation3-monotonicitysemidefinite programmingunivariate quadratic polynomials

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Convexity of real functions of several variables, generalizations (26B25) General convexity (52A99) Semidefinite programming (90C22)

Abstract: A function $fcolonmathbbRomathbbR$ is called emph{$k$-monotone} if it is $(k-2)$-times differentiable and its $(k-2)$nd derivative is convex. A point set $Psubsetmathbb{R}^2$ is emph{$k$-monotone interpolable} if it lies on a graph of a $k$-monotone function. These notions have been studied in analysis, approximation theory etc. since the 1940s. We show that 3-monotone interpolability is very non-local: we exhibit an arbitrarily large finite $P$ for which every proper subset is $3$-monotone interpolable but $P$ itself is not. On the other hand, we prove a Ramsey-type result: for every $n$ there exists $N$ such that every $N$-point $P$ with distinct $x$-coordinates contains an $n$-point $Q$ such that $Q$ or its vertical mirror reflection are $3$-monotone interpolable. The analogs for $k$-monotone interpolability with $k=1$ and $k=2$ are classical theorems of ErdH{o}s and Szekeres, while the cases with $kge4$ remain open. We also investigate the computational complexity of deciding $3$-monotone interpolability of a given point set. Using a known characterization, this decision problem can be stated as an instance of polynomial optimization and reformulated as a semidefinite program. We exhibit an example for which this semidefinite program has only doubly exponentially large feasible solutions, and thus known algorithms cannot solve it in polynomial time. While such phenomena have been well known for semidefinite programming in general, ours seems to be the first such example in polynomial optimization, and it involves only univariate quadratic polynomials.

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Cited in

(2)

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