On the uniqueness of solutions to continuity equations

Uniqueness problems for PDEs: global uniqueness, local uniqueness, non-uniqueness (35A02) PDEs with measure (35R06) PDEs with randomness, stochastic partial differential equations (35R60)

Abstract: We obtain sufficient conditions for the uniqueness of solutions to the Cauchy problem for the continuity equation in classes of measures that need not be absolutely continuous.

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This paper deals with the uniqueness of solutions to the Cauchy problem \(\partial_{t}\mu+\text{div}(b\mu)=0\), \(\mu|_{t=0}=\nu\), where \(\nu\) is a locally bounded Borel measure on \(\mathbb R^{d}\), and \(b: \mathbb R^{d}\times[0,T]\to \mathbb R^{d}\) is Borel measurable. A locally bounded Borel measure \(\mu\) on \(\mathbb R^{d}\times[0,T]\) is given by a family of Borel locally bounded measures \((\mu_{t})_{t\in[0,T]}\) on \(\mathbb R^{d}\) if, for every bounded Borel set \(B\subset \mathbb R^{d}\), the mapping \(t\to\mu_{t}(B)\) is measurable, \(|\mu_{t}|(K)\in L^1[0,T]\) for every compact \(K\subset \mathbb R^{d}\) and \[ \int_0^{t}\int_{\mathbb R^{d}}u(x,t)\mu(dxdt)=\int_0^{T}\int_{\mathbb R^{d}}u(x,t)\mu_{t}(dx)dt\quad \text{for all }u\in C^{\infty}_0(\mathbb R^{d}\times(0,T)). \] One of the main obtained results is the following. Let \(\mu^1=\mu^1(dx)dt\) and \(\mu^2=\mu^2(dx)dt\) be two solutions to the given Cauchy problem. Assume that the measure \(\mu=\mu_{t}(dx)dt\), where \(\mu_{t}=\mu^1_{t}-\mu^2_{t}\), satisfies that for some number \(C_1\geq0\) and for every ball \(U\subset \mathbb R^{d}\) one can find a number \(C_2\geq0\), a sequence of vector fields \(b_{k}\in C^{\infty}(\mathbb R^{d}\times \mathbb R^{d}, \mathbb R^{d})\) and a sequence of positive functions \(V_{k}\in C^1(\mathbb R^{d})\) such that {\parindent=6mm \begin{itemize} \item[(i)] \(| b_{k}(x,t)|\leq C_1+C_1| x|\),\item [(ii)] \(\inf_{k}\inf_{U}V_{k}(x)>0\) and \(\langle b_{k}(x,t),\nabla V_{k}(x)\rangle\leq(C_2-2\max_{|\xi|=1}\langle{\mathcal B}_{k}(x,t)\xi,\xi\rangle)V_{k}(x)\) for every \(k\) and \((x,t)\in U\times[0,T]\), where \({\mathcal B}_{k}=(\partial_{x_{i}}b^{j}_{k})_{i,j\leq d}\),\item [(iii)] \(\lim_{k\to\infty}\| (b_{k}-b)\sqrt{V_{k}}\|_{L^1(|\mu_{t}| dt,U\times[0,T])}=0\). \end{itemize}} Then \(\mu=0\).

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