Generalized Artin-Mumford curves over finite fields

Finite ground fields in algebraic geometry (14G15) Algebraic functions and function fields in algebraic geometry (14H05) Arithmetic ground fields for curves (14H25) Automorphisms of curves (14H37)

Abstract: Let

m a t h b b F_{q}

be the finite field of order

q = p^{h}

with

p > 2

prime and

h > 1

, and let

be a subfield of

m a t h b b F_{q}

. From any two

-linearized polynomials

L_{1}, L_{2} i n o v e r l i n e {m a t h b b F}_{q} [T]

of degree

q

, we construct an ordinary curve

m a t h c a l X_{(L_{1}, L_{2})}

of genus

(q - 1)^{2}

which is a generalized Artin-Schreier cover of the projective line

m a t h b b P^{1}

. The automorphism group of

m a t h c a l X_{(L_{1}, L_{2})}

over the algebraic closure

o v e r l i n e {m a t h b b F}_{q}

of

m a t h b b F_{q}

contains a semidirect product

S i g m a t i m e s G a m m a

of an elementary abelian

p

-group

S i g m a

of order

q^{2}

by a cyclic group

G a m m a

of order

. We show that for

L_{1} e q L_{2}

,

S i g m a t i m e s G a m m a

is the full automorphism group

m A u t (m a t h c a l X_{(L_{1}, L_{2})})

over

o v e r l i n e {m a t h b b F}_{q}

; for

L_{1} = L_{2}

there exists an extra involution and

m A u t (m a t h c a l X_{(L_{1}, L_{1})}) = S i g m a t i m e s D e l t a

with a dihedral group

D e l t a

of order

containing

G a m m a

. Two different choices of the pair

L_{1}, L_{2}

may produce birationally isomorphic curves, even for

L_{1} = L_{2}

. We prove that any curve of genus

(q - 1)^{2}

whose

o v e r l i n e {m a t h b b F}_{q}

-automorphism group contains an elementary abelian subgroup of order

q^{2}

is birationally equivalent to

m a t h c a l X_{(L_{1}, L_{2})}

for some separable

-linearized polynomials

L_{1}, L_{2}

of degree

q

. We produce an analogous characterization in the special case

L_{1} = L_{2}

. This extends a result on the Artin-Mumford curves, due to Arakelian and Korchm'aros.

Review text

Artin-Mumford curves over a field \(\mathbb{F}\) of odd characteristic \(p\), denoted by \(\mathcal{M}_c\), are non-singular planar curves of genus \((p-1)^2\) described by the affine equation \(\mathcal{M}_c:\,(x^p-x)(y^p-y)=c\), for some \(c\in\mathbb{F}^*\). In the case that \((\mathbb{F},|\,\cdot\,|)\) is a non-Archimedean valued field, the automorphism group \(\text{Aut}_{\mathbb{F}}(\mathcal{M}_c)\) with \(|c|<1\) is the semidirect product \(H:=(C_p\times C_p)\rtimes D_{p-1}\), where \(C_p\) is the cyclic group of order \(p\) and \(D_{p-1}\) is the dihedral group of order \(2(p-1)\), see the work of \textit{G. Cornelissen} and \textit{F. Kato} [Duke Math. J. 116, No. 3, 431--470 (2003; Zbl 1092.14032); Math. Ann. 320, No. 1, 55--85 (2001; Zbl 1031.14011)] and [\textit{G. Cornelissen} and \textit{F. Kato}, Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 132, No. 7, 1937--1941 (2004; Zbl 1044.14009)]. The same holds over any algebraically closed field of odd characteristic, see [\textit{R. C. Valentini} and \textit{M. L. Madan}, J. Reine Angew. Math. 318, 156--177 (1980; Zbl 0426.12016)]. The genus \((p-1)^2\) together with an automorphism group as above characterize the Artin-Mumford curve, that is, if \(\mathcal{X}\) is an algebraic curve of genus \(g=(p-1)^2\) such that \(\text{Aut}(\mathcal{X})\) contains a subgroup isomorphic to \(H\) then \(\mathcal{X}\) is birationally equivalent over \(\mathbb{F}_p\) to the Artin-Mumford curve \(\mathcal{M}_c\), see [\textit{V. V. Batyrev}, Math. Res. Lett. 7, No. 2--3, 155--164 (2000; Zbl 0952.14038)]. Let \(\mathbb{F}_q\) be the finite field of order \(q=p^h\) with \(p>2\) prime and \(h>1\) an integer, and let \(\mathbb{F}_{\overline{q}}\) be a subfield of \(\mathbb{F}_q\). The paper under review considers generalized Artin-Mumford curves of genus \((q-1)^2\) defined by an affine equation of the form \(\mathcal{X}_{(L_1, L_2)}: L_1(x)\cdot L_2(y)=1\), where \(L_1(T)\) and \(L_2(T)\) are separable \(\overline{q}\)-linearized polynomials of degree \(q\) over \(\overline{\mathbb{F}}_q\), a fixed algebraic closure of \(\mathbb{F}_q\). The automorphism group of \(\mathcal{X}_{(L_1, L_2)}\) over \(\overline{\mathbb{F}}_q\) is described; Theorems 1.1 and 1.2. For \(L_1\neq L_2\), \(\text{Aut}(\mathcal{X}_{(L_1,L_2)})=\Sigma\rtimes\Gamma\) with \(\Sigma\) an elementary abelian \(p\)-group of order \(q^2\) and \(\Gamma\) a cyclic group of order \(\overline{q}-1\). For \(L_1=L_2\), there exists an extra involution and \(\text{Aut}(\mathcal{X}_{(L_1,L_2)})=\Sigma\rtimes\Delta\) with \(\Delta\) a dihedral group of order \(2(\overline{q}- 1)\) containing \(\Gamma\). Theorems 1.3 and 1.4 solve the question whether the genus \((q-1)^2\) and the automorphism group, described in Theorems 1.1 and 1.2, characterize the generalized Artin-Mumford curves over \(\overline{\mathbb{F}}_p\). More precisely, if \(\mathcal{X}\) is an algebraic curve of genus \(g=(q-1)^2\) such that \(\text{Aut}(\mathcal{X})\) contains an elementary abelian group \(E_{q^2}\) of order \(q^2\) (respectively, a semidirect product \(E_{q^2}\times(C_2\times C_2)\) where \(C_2\times C_2\) is the Klein four group), then \(\mathcal{X}\) is birationally equivalent over \(\overline{\mathbb{F}}_p\) to some \(\mathcal{X}_{(L_1, L_2)}\) (respectively, to some \(\mathcal{X}_{(L,L)}\)). In the latter situation, the assumption on the genus can be weakened to \(g\leq(q-1)^2\).

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