Approximation properties of Fourier series of Sobolev orthogonal polynomials with Jacobi weight and discrete masses
The author considers the Sobolev type inner product \[ \langle f,g\rangle=\sum_{\nu=0}^{r-1}\,f^{(\nu)}(-1)g^{(\nu)}(-1)+\int_{-1}0^1\,f^{(r)}(t)g^{(r)}(t)(1-t)^{\alpha}dt,\qquad (1) \] and its orthogonal polynomials denoted by \(P_k^{\alpha-r,-r}(x),\;k\geq r\). Fourier series using orthogonal polynomials of this type are called ``mixed series. The importance lies in the fact that the inner product contains terms concerning derivatives at the endpoint of the interval of orthogonality. The layout of the paper is as follows: \S1 Introduction. \S2 Some properties of Jacobi polynomials. \S3 The Fouries series of Sobolev orthogonal Jacobi polynomials. The inner product is as indicated in (1) and the main result (Theorem 1) is the proof of completeness of the orthogonal system \[ {(1+x)^k\over k!}\;(0\leq k\leq r-1),\;P_k^{\alpha-r,-r}(x)\;(k\geq r). \] \S4 Mixed series of Sobolev Jacobi polynomials. \S5 Conditions for the uniform convergence of a mixed series of general Jacobi polynomials. The main result is given in \textbf{Theorem 2} for functions \(f\in W^r_{L_p^{a,b}}\), where \(L_p^{a,b}\): \(||f||_{p,\mu}=\left(\int_{-1}^1\,|f(x)|^p\mu(x)dx\right)^{1/p},\;\mu(x)=(1-x)^a(1+x)^b\). \(W^r_{L_p^{a,b}}\): \(r\)-times differentiable functions (\(r\geq 1\)), \(f^{(r-1)}(x)\) absolutely continuous on \((-1,1)\) and \(f^{(r)}\in L_p^{a,b}\). The condition in Theorem 2 is of the form \[ \left|{a+1\over p}-{\alpha+1\over 2}\right|<\min\{{1\over 4},{\alpha+1\over 2}\},\quad \left|{b+1\over p}-{\beta+1\over 2}\right|<\min\{{1\over 4},{\beta+1\over 2}\}, \] where \(-1<\alpha,\,\beta< 1/2;\;a,b\in\mathbb R,\;p\geq 1\). \S6 The operators \({\mathcal Y}^{\alpha,\beta}_{n+2r}(f)\) and their approximation properties for \(f\in W^m_{L_2^{a,b}}\). The main result appears in Theorem 3. \S7 Approximation of functions from \(W^r\) by partial sums of the Fourier series of Sobolev orthogonal Jacobi polynomials. The main result in Theorem 4 concerns the estimate for \[ |f(x)-S_{n+2}^{\alpha}(f,x)|, \] where \(S_{n+2}^{\alpha}(f,x)\) is a partial sum of the Fourier series using Sobolev orthogonal Jacobi polynomials \(P_k^{\alpha-r,-r}(x)\).
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