Geometric monodromy -- semisimplicity and maximality

Étale and other Grothendieck topologies and (co)homologies (14F20) Maximal subgroups (20E28) Linear algebraic groups over local fields and their integers (20G25)

Abstract: Let

X

be a connected scheme, smooth and separated over an algebraically closed field

k

of characteristic

p g e q 0

, let

f : Y i g h t a r r o w X

be a smooth proper morphism and

x

a geometric point on

X

. We prove that the tensor invariants of bounded length

l e q d

of

p i_{1} (X, x)

acting on the 'etale cohomology groups

H^{*} (Y_{x}, F_{e} l l)

are the reduction modulo-

e l l

of those of

p i_{1} (X, x)

acting on

H^{*} (Y_{x}, Z_{e} l l)

for

e l l

greater than a constant depending only on

f : Y i g h t a r r o w X

,

d

. We apply this result to show that the geometric variant with

F_{e} l l

-coefficients of the Grothendieck-Serre semisimplicity conjecture -- namely that

p i_{1} (X, x)

acts semisimply on

H^{*} (Y_{x}, F_{e} l l)

for

e l l g g 0

-- is equivalent to the condition that the image of

p i_{1} (X, x)

acting on

H^{*} (Y_{x}, Q_{e} l l)

is `almost maximal' (in a precise sense; what we call `almost hyperspecial') with respect to the group of

Q_{e} l l

-points of its Zariski closure. Ultimately, we prove the geometric variant with

F_{e} l l

-coefficients of the Grothendieck-Serre semisimplicity conjecture.

Review text

Let \(X\) be smooth separated connected scheme over an algebraically closed field of characteristic \(p \geq 0\), let \(f: Y \to X\) be a smooth proper morphism and \(x\) a geometric point of \(X\). The authors prove the geometric variant with \(\mathbb{F}_\ell\)-coefficients of the Grothendieck-Serre semisimplicity conjecture: Theorem 1.1. For \(\ell \gg 0\) (depending on \(f\)), the action of \(\pi_1(X,x)\) on \(H^*(Y_x,\mathbb{F}_\ell)\) is semisimple. The analogous result with \(\mathbb{Q}_\ell\)-coefficients is a famous theorem of \textit{P. Deligne} [Publ. Math., Inst. Hautes Étud. Sci. 52, 137--252 (1980; Zbl 0456.14014)]. They prove that Theorem 1.1 is equivalent to: Theorem 1.2. After replacing \(X\) by a connected etale cover and for \(\ell \gg 0\) (depending on \(f\)), the image of \(\pi_1(X,x)\) in the group of \(\mathbb{Q}_\ell\)-points of its Zariski closure in \(\mathrm{GL}(H^*(Y_x,\mathbb{Q}_\ell))\) is almost hyperspecial.

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