Fluctuations of the free energy of the spherical Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model with ferromagnetic interaction

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Publication:2364601



Abstract: We consider a spherical spin system with pure 2-spin spherical Sherrington-Kirkpatrick Hamiltonian with ferromagnetic Curie-Weiss interaction. The system shows a two-dimensional phase transition with respect to the temperature and the coupling constant. We compute the limiting distributions of the free energy for all parameters away from the critical values. The zero temperature case corresponds to the well-known phase transition of the largest eigenvalue of a rank 1 spiked random symmetric matrix. As an intermediate step, we establish a central limit theorem for the linear statistics of rank 1 spiked random symmetric matrices.


The pure 2-spin spherical Sherrington-Kirkpatrick (SSK) model is defined by the Hamiltonian \[ H^{\text{SSK}}_N(\sigma)={1\over \sqrt{N}}\sum_{i,j=1}^NA_{ij}\sigma_i\sigma_j, \] where \(A_{ij}\) are independent random variables with mean 0, variance 1, \(A_{ii}=0\), and \(\sigma=(\sigma_1, \sigma_2, \dots,\sigma_N)\in S_{N-1}=\{\sigma\in \mathbb R^{N}: \|\sigma\|^2=N\}\). The Curie-Weiss (CW) Hamiltonian is \[ H^{\text{CW}}_N(\sigma)={J\over N}\sum_{i,j=1}^N\sigma_i\sigma_j, \;\;J\in \mathbb R. \] The authors are interested in the spin system with Hamiltonian \[ H_N(\sigma)= H^{\text{SSK}}_N(\sigma)+H^{\text{CW}}_N(\sigma). \] For \(\beta>0\) the partition function is defined as \[ Z_N(\beta)=\int_{S_{N-1}}\exp(\beta H_N(\sigma))d\omega_N(\sigma), \] where \(d\omega_N\) is the normalized uniform measure on the sphere \(S_{N-1}\). The free energy is \[ F_N(\beta)={1\over N}\log Z_N. \] The main result of the paper is a limit theorem for the free energy (as \(N\to \infty\)) at positive temperature \(\beta^{-1}>0\) with \(J>0\).



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