Hausdorff dimension of sets arising in diophantine approximation
A generalization of a result of \textit{I. Borosh} and \textit{A. S. Fraenkel} on restricted diophantine approximation [Nederl. Akad. Wet., Proc., Ser. A 75, 193-201 (1972; Zbl 0242.10014)] is obtained. Given a non-negative function \(g:\mathbb{N}\to \mathbb{R}_{\geq 0}\), let \(C_\alpha(N)=|\{q\leq N:g(q)\geq q^{-\alpha}\}|\) and let \(\gamma(\alpha)= \sup\{\gamma: \limsup_{N\to\infty} C_\alpha(N)/N^\alpha>0\}\). It is shown that the Hausdorff dimension of the set \[ E_g=\Bigl\{x\in [0,1]:\bigl|x-{\textstyle{p\over q}}\bigr|< g(q)\text{ for infinitely many }q\in\mathbb{N}\Bigr\} \] is \(\min\{\sup_{\alpha\geq 1}\delta(\alpha),1\}\), where \(\delta(\alpha)= (1+\gamma(\alpha))/\alpha\) if \(\lim_{N\to\infty} C_\alpha(N)=\infty\) and 0 otherwise. Higher dimensional results which are not as complete have been proved by \textit{B. P. Rynne} [The Hausdorff dimension of certain sets arising from diophantine approximation by restricted sequences of integer vectors, Acta Arith. 61, 69-81 (1992; Zbl 0749.11037)] and \textit{H. Dickinson} [A remark on the Jarnik-Besicovitch theorem, Glasg. Math. J. 39, 233-236 (1997)].
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