Factorization and the dressing method for the Gel'fand-Dikii hierarchy

DOI10.1016/0167-2789(93)90247-XzbMATH Open0770.34060arXivsolv-int/9801011OpenAlexW1989762844MaRDI QIDQ2366476FDOQ2366476

Authors: David H. Sattinger, Jacek Szmigielski 

Publication date: 29 June 1993

Published in: Physica D (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: The isospectral flows of an $n^{th}$ order linear scalar differential operator $L$ under the hypothesis that it possess a Baker-Akhiezer function were originally investigated by Segal and Wilson from the point of view of infinite dimensional Grassmanians, and the reduction of the KP hierarchy to the Gel'fand-Dikii hierarchy. The associated first order systems and their formal asymptotic solutions have a rich Lie algebraic structure which was investigated by Drinfeld and Sokolov. We investigate the matrix Riemann-Hilbert factorizations for these systems, and show that different factorizations lead respectively to the potential, modified, and ordinary Gel'fand-Dikii flows. Lie algebra decompositions (the Adler-Kostant-Symes method) are obtained for the modified and potential flows. For $n>3$ the appropriate factorization for the Gel'fand-Dikii flows is not a group factorization, as would be expected; yet a modification of the dressing method still works. A direct proof, based on a Fredholm determinant associated with the factorization problem, is given that the potentials are meromorphic in $x$ and in the time variables. Potentials with Baker-Akhiezer functions include the multisoliton and rational solutions, as well as potentials in the scattering class with compactly supported scattering data. The latter are dense in the scattering class.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/solv-int/9801011

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zbMATH Keywords

Baker-Akhiezer functiondressing methodpotential flowsisospectral flows\(n\)th order linear scalar differential operatorAdler-Kostant-Symes methodGel'fand- Dikii flowsLie algebra decompositionsmatrix Riemann-Hilbert factorizationsscattering class

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Transformation and reduction of ordinary differential equations and systems, normal forms (34C20) Particular ordinary differential operators (Dirac, one-dimensional Schrödinger, etc.) (34L40)

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Cited In (7)

• The Riemann problem and matrix-valued potentials with a convergent Baker-Akhiezer function
• Remarks on the local version of the inverse scattering method
• Block Toeplitz determinants, constrained KP and Gelfand-Dickey hierarchies
• Relations between hierarchies and inverse scattering
• Central affine curve flow on the plane
• On holomorphic solutions of equations of Korteweg-de Vries type
• Holomorphic solutions of soliton equations

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