Factorization and the dressing method for the Gel'fand-Dikii hierarchy

DOI10.1016/0167-2789(93)90247-XMaRDI QIDQ2366476zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors David H. Sattinger, Jacek Szmigielski

Publication date 29 June 1993

Published in Physica D (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/solv-int/9801011

zbMATH Keywords

Baker-Akhiezer functiondressing methodpotential flowsisospectral flows\(n\)th order linear scalar differential operatorAdler-Kostant-Symes methodGel'fand- Dikii flowsLie algebra decompositionsmatrix Riemann-Hilbert factorizationsscattering class

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Transformation and reduction of ordinary differential equations and systems, normal forms (34C20) Particular ordinary differential operators (Dirac, one-dimensional Schrödinger, etc.) (34L40)

Abstract: The isospectral flows of an $n^{th}$ order linear scalar differential operator $L$ under the hypothesis that it possess a Baker-Akhiezer function were originally investigated by Segal and Wilson from the point of view of infinite dimensional Grassmanians, and the reduction of the KP hierarchy to the Gel'fand-Dikii hierarchy. The associated first order systems and their formal asymptotic solutions have a rich Lie algebraic structure which was investigated by Drinfeld and Sokolov. We investigate the matrix Riemann-Hilbert factorizations for these systems, and show that different factorizations lead respectively to the potential, modified, and ordinary Gel'fand-Dikii flows. Lie algebra decompositions (the Adler-Kostant-Symes method) are obtained for the modified and potential flows. For $n>3$ the appropriate factorization for the Gel'fand-Dikii flows is not a group factorization, as would be expected; yet a modification of the dressing method still works. A direct proof, based on a Fredholm determinant associated with the factorization problem, is given that the potentials are meromorphic in $x$ and in the time variables. Potentials with Baker-Akhiezer functions include the multisoliton and rational solutions, as well as potentials in the scattering class with compactly supported scattering data. The latter are dense in the scattering class.

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Cited in

(7)

• Relations between hierarchies and inverse scattering
• Holomorphic solutions of soliton equations
• Remarks on the local version of the inverse scattering method
• On holomorphic solutions of equations of Korteweg-de Vries type
• The Riemann problem and matrix-valued potentials with a convergent Baker-Akhiezer function
• Block Toeplitz determinants, constrained KP and Gelfand-Dickey hierarchies
• Central affine curve flow on the plane

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