An application of a theorem of Rudin
The study of generalized paracompact spaces has become significant in recent years. In addition to the new results in this area there have been a number of new interesting questions that have arisen from these studies. In this paper we answer one of these questions by applying a significant theorem of \textit{M. E. Rudin} [General Topol. Appl. 5, 45-59 (1975; Zbl 0296.54004)]. For \(P\) one of the following properties: discrete (D), locally finite (LF), hereditarily closure-preserving (HCP), closure preserving (CP), \(\lambda\) any countable ordinal, we define: A space \(X\) is \(B(P,\lambda)\)-refinable provided every open cover \({\mathcal U}\) of \(X\) has a refinement \({\mathcal E}= \bigcup \{{\mathcal E}_ \beta\): \(\beta<\lambda\}\) satisfying (i) \(\{\cup{\mathcal E}_ \beta\): \(\beta<\lambda\}\) partitions \(X\), (ii) for every \(\beta<\lambda\), \({\mathcal E}_ \beta\) is a relatively \(P\) collection of closed subsets of the subspace \(X-\bigcup \{\cup {\mathcal E}_ \mu\): \(\mu<\beta\}\), and (iii) for every \(\beta<\lambda\), \(\bigcup \{\cup {\mathcal E}_ \mu\): \(\mu<\beta\}\) is a closed set. Problem: When are the properties \(B(\text{D},\lambda)\)-refinable, \(B(\text{LF},\lambda)\)-refinable and \(B(\text{HCP},\lambda)\)-refinable equivalent? Partial answers to this question are found in [\textit{R. H. Price} and the author, Proc. Japan Acad., Ser. A 65, No. 9, 311-314 (1989; Zbl 0715.54016)]. We now provide a more complete answer using the following result [Rudin, loc. cit.]: Let \(X\) be a collectionwise normal space and \({\mathcal U}\) an open cover of \(X\). If \({\mathcal U}\) has a closed hereditarily closure-preserving refinement, then \({\mathcal U}\) has a locally finite closed refinement. We prove the theorem: In a collectionwise normal space \(X\), the following are equivalent. (i) \(X\) is paracompact, (ii) \(X\) is \(B(\text{D},\lambda)\)-refinable, (iii) \(X\) is \(B(\text{LF},\lambda)\)-refinable, (iv) \(X\) is \(B(\text{HCP},\lambda)\)-refinable.
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