Ideals whose Hilbert function and Hilbert polynomial agree at n=1
Throughout let \((R,m)\) be a Cohen-Macaulay local ring of dimension \(d\geq 2\) and \(I\) an \(m\)-primary ideal. We denote by \(H_ I(n)\) (resp. \(P_ I(n))\) the Hilbert function (resp. polynomial) of \(I\), and let \(e_ 0,\ldots,e_ d\) be its Hilbert coefficients, that is, \(P_ I(x)=e_ 0{x+d-1\choose d}-e_ 1{x+d-2\choose d-1}+\cdots+(-1)^ de_ d\). It is known that (1) \(H_ I(1)=e_ 0\) if and only if \(I\) is generated by a system of parameters; (2) If \(H_ I(1)=e_ 0-e_ 1\), then \(e_ i=0\) for \(i\geq 2\) and depth gr\(_ I(R)=d\) [\textit{C. Huneke}, Mich. Math. J. 34, 293-318 (1987; Zbl 0628.13012) and \textit{A. Ooishi}, Hiroshima Math. J. 17, 361-372 (1987; Zbl 0639.13016)]; (3) If \(H_ I(1)=e_ 0-e_ 1+1\) and \(e_ 2\neq 0\), then \(e_ 2=1\), \(e_ i=0\) for \(i\geq 3\) and depth gr\(_ I(R)\geq d-1\) [the author, J. Algebr. Geom. 1, No. 2, 325-333 (1992; Zbl 0779.13005)]. And in all these cases \(H_ I(n)=P_ I(n)\) for \(n\geq 1\) [cf. \textit{T. Marley}, J. Lond. Math. Soc., II. Ser. 40, No. 1, 1-8 (1989; Zbl 0688.13009)]. In the paper under review the author shows that if \(H_ I(1)=e_ 0-e_ 1+e_ 2\) and \(e_ 2=2\) then \(e_ i=0\) for \(i\geq 3\), \(H_ I(n)=P_ I(n)\) for \(n\geq 1\) and depth gr\(_ I(R)\geq d-1\). The author also gives examples such that (1) \(H_ I(1)=P_ I(1)=e_ 0-e_ 1+e_ 2\) but depth gr\(_ I(R)=0\), and (2) \(H_ I(1)=e_ 0-e_ 1+2\) but \(e_ 2=3\). For the proof the author considers the ideal \(\tilde I=\bigcup_{k\geq 1}\bigl(I^{k+1}:I^ k\bigr)\) and investigates the second local cohomology module of the Rees ring of \(I\).
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