Upper semi-continuity of the Kobayashi-Royden pseudo-norm, a counterexample for Hölderian almost complex structures

DOI10.1007/BF02384787MaRDI QIDQ2368547zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Yanyan Li

Publication date 21 April 2006

Published in Arkiv för Matematik (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0402331

zbMATH Keywords

Almost complex structures

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Invariant metrics and pseudodistances in several complex variables (32F45) Almost complex manifolds (32Q60)

Abstract: If $X$ is an almost complex manifold, with an almost complex structure $J$ of class $C{C}^{a}lpha$, for some $alpha>0$, for every point $pinX$ and every tangent vector $V$ at $p$, there exists a germ of $J$-holomorphic disc through $p$ with this prescribed tangent vector. This existence result goes back to Nijenhuis-Woolf. All the $J$ holomorphic curves are of class $C{C}^{1,alpha}$ in this case. Then, exactly as for complex manifolds one can define the Royden-Kobayashi pseudo-norm of tangent vectors. The question arises whether this pseudo-norm is an upper semi-continuous function on the tangent bundle. For complex manifolds it is the crucial point in Royden's proof of the equivalence of the two standard definitions of the Kobayashi pseudo-metric. The upper semi-continuity of the Royden-Kobayashi pseudo-norm has been established by Kruglikov for structures that are smooth enough. In [I-R], it is shown that $C{C}^{1,alpha}$ regularity of $J$ is enough. Here we show the following: Theorem. There exists an almost complex structure $J$ of class $C{C}^{1over2}$ on the unit bidisc $D^{2}subset{C}^2$, such that the Royden-Kobayashi seudo-norm is not an upper semi-continuous function on the tangent bundle.

Review text

Let \(X\) be an almost complex manifold, with an almost complex structure tensor \(J\) of class \(C^\alpha\), for some \(\alpha >0\). Then, by a result of Nijenhuis-Woolf it is possible to construct for any \((p,V)\in TX \) (the tangent bundle to \(X\)) a \(J\)-holomorphic disc through \(p\) with tangent vector \(V\) at the point \(p\). This allows to define the Kobayashi-Royden pseudonorm \(F_X(p,V)\) on \(TX\). It is known that \(F_X\) is upper semicontinuous, provided that \(J\) is \(C^{1,\alpha}\) (Ivashkovich-Rosay). In the article under review the authors show, that the condition of Hölder continuity of \(J\) is in general too weak, as that it could imply upper semicontinuity of \(F_X\). They show Theorem: On the unit bidisc \(X\) in \(\mathbb{C}^2\) there exists an almost complex structure \(J\) of class \(C^{1/2}\) such that \(F_X\) is not upper semicontinuous.

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Cites work

• A counterexample related to Hartogs' phenomenon (a question by E. Chirka)
• Existence of close pseudoholomorphic disks for almost complex manifolds and their application to the Kobayashi-Royden pseudonorm
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 4021564 (Why is no real title available?)
• Schwarz-type lemmas for solutions of \(\bar\partial \)-inequalities and complete hyperbolicity of almost complex manifolds.
• Some integration problems in almost-complex and complex manifolds
• The Extension of Regular Holomorphic Maps

Cited in

(6)

• On the automorphism group of strongly pseudoconvex domains in almost complex manifolds
• Schwarz-type lemmas for solutions of \(\bar\partial \)-inequalities and complete hyperbolicity of almost complex manifolds.
• Existence of close pseudoholomorphic disks for almost complex manifolds and their application to the Kobayashi-Royden pseudonorm
• Plurisubharmonic functions and positive currents of type (1,1) on an almost complex manifold
• Characterizations of Hardy-type, Bergman-type and Dirichlet-type spaces on certain classes of complex-valued functions
• Some nonlinear differential inequalities and an application to Hölder continuous almost complex structures

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