Tensor product stabilization in Kac-Moody algebras

Abstract: We consider a large class of series of symmetrizable Kac-Moody algebras (generically denoted X_n). This includes the classical series A_n as well as others like E_n whose members are of Indefinite type. The focus is to analyze the behavior of representations in the large n limit. Motivated by the classical theory of A_n, we consider tensor product decompositions of irreducible highest weight representations of X_n and study how these vary with n. The notion of ``double headed dominant weights is introduced. For such weights, we show that tensor product decompositions in X_n do stabilize, generalizing the classical results for A_n. The main tool used is Littelmann's celebrated path model. One can also use the stable multiplicities as structure constants to define a multiplication operation on a suitable space. We define this so called "stable representation ring and show that the multiplication operation is associative.

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The authors consider series of symmetrizable Kac-Moody algebras \(X_n\) and study the decomposition of the tensor product of irreducible representations. They prove, using Littelmann path model, that the multiplicity of an irreducible representation in the tensor product decomposition is constant when \(n\) is large enough. They then use these stable values as structure constants to define a multiplication operation on a space \(\Lambda^X\) of formal infinite series, called the stable representation ring of type \(X\). They show that \(\Lambda^X\) is a \(\mathbb C\)-algebra.

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