Remarks on convergence of trigonometric series with special varying coefficients

Convergence and absolute convergence of Fourier and trigonometric series (42A20) Summability and absolute summability of Fourier and trigonometric series (42A24) Trigonometric series of special types (positive coefficients, monotonic coefficients, etc.) (42A32) Probabilistic methods for one variable harmonic analysis (42A61)

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Let \(f\in L_{2\pi}\) be an even function with Fourier series \[ {1\over 2} a_0+ \sum^\infty_{k=1} a_k\cos kx, \] whose \(n\)th partial sum is denoted by \(S_n(f)= S_n(f, x)\), \(n\geq 0\). Among others, the following sufficient conditions are proved for \(L^1\)-convergence. Theorem 1. Suppose \(\{a_k\}\) satisfies one of the conditions: either \[ \sum^{n-1}_{k= n_{m-1}+1} |\Delta a_k|\leq C|a_n|\quad\text{for}\quad n_{m-1}+ 1< n\leq n_m, \] or \[ \sum^{n_m- 1}_{k=n} |\Delta a_k|\leq C|a_n|\quad\text{for}\quad n_{m-1}< n< n_m,\quad m= 1,2,\dots; \] where \[ n_0= 0\quad\text{and}\quad n_{m+1}/n_m\geq \lambda\quad\text{for some}\quad \lambda> 1,\tag{\(*\)} \] \(\Delta a_k:= a_k- a_{k+1}\), and \(C\) is a constant. If \[ a_n\log n\to 0,\quad\text{then}\quad\| f- S_n(f)\|_{L^1}\to 0\quad\text{as}\quad n\to\infty. \] Necessary conditions are also proved for \(L^1\)-convergence in the particular case when \(a_k\) keeps its sign for \(n_{m-1}< k< n_m\), \(n= 1,2,\dots\), where \(\{n_m\}\) is a sequence satisfying condition \((*)\).

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