Logarithmic growth of systole of arithmetic Riemann surfaces along congruence subgroups

DOI10.4310/JDG/1180135693MaRDI QIDQ2372250zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Uzi Vishne, Mikhail G. Katz, Mary Schaps

Publication date 25 July 2007

Published in Journal of Differential Geometry (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0505007, https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.jdg/1180135693

zbMATH Keywords

arithmetic Riemann surfacecongruence subgroupHurwitz surfacequaternion algebrasystole

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Quaternion and other division algebras: arithmetic, zeta functions (11R52) Matrices over special rings (quaternions, finite fields, etc.) (15B33) Fuchsian groups and automorphic functions (aspects of compact Riemann surfaces and uniformization) (30F35) Geodesics in global differential geometry (53C22)

Abstract: We apply a study of orders in quaternion algebras, to the differential geometry of Riemann surfaces. The least length of a closed geodesic on a hyperbolic surface is called its systole, and denoted syspi_1. P. Buser and P. Sarnak constructed Riemann surfaces X whose systole behaves logarithmically in the genus g(X). The Fuchsian groups in their examples are principal congruence subgroups of a fixed arithmetic group with rational trace field. We generalize their construction to principal congruence subgroups of arbitrary arithmetic surfaces. The key tool is a new trace estimate valid for an arbitrary ideal in a quaternion algebra. We obtain a particularly sharp bound for a principal congruence tower of Hurwitz surfaces (PCH), namely the 4/3-bound syspi_1(X_{PCH}) > 4/3 log(g(X_{PCH})). Similar results are obtained for the systole of hyperbolic 3-manifolds, relative to their simplicial volume.

Review text

The systole of a hyperbolic surface \(X\) is defined to be the least length of a noncontractible loop on \(X\). Riemann surfaces of which systoles behave logarithmically in the genus are constructed by \textit{P. Buser} and \textit{P. Sarnak} [Invent. Math. 117, No.~1, 27--56 (1994; Zbl 0814.14033)]. Their Fuchsian groups are principal congruence subgroups of a fixed arithmetic group with rational trace field. In this paper, the authors consider principal congruence subgroups of arbitrary arithmetic surfaces. Let \(\Gamma\) be an arithmetic cocompact subgroup of SL\(_2(\mathbb{R})\). The authors show that the systole of Riemann surfaces associated to principal congruence subgroups of \(\Gamma\) behaves logarithmically in the genus. If \(\Gamma\) is an arithmetic cocompact torsion free subgroup of SL\(_2(\mathbb{C})\), then a similar logarithmic growth relative to the simplicial volume is obtained for hyperbolic 3-manifolds associated to the congruence subgroups of \(\Gamma\). In order to prove these results, a new trace estimate is established for an arbitrary ideal in a quaternion algebra. As a special case of Fuchsian groups, the authors study the systole of Hurwitz surfaces and give the 4/3-bound for a principal congruence tower of Hurwitz surfaces.

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