A functional-differential equation in a class of analytic functions and its application

Functional equations in the complex plane, iteration and composition of analytic functions of one complex variable (30D05) Boundary value problems in the complex plane (30E25)

Review text

Let \(a_{1}\) and \(a_{2}\) be two distinct points in the complex plane, let \(D_{k} = \{z: | z - a_{k}| < r_{k}\}, \;k = 1, 2\), be discs, and let \(\Gamma_{k} = \partial D_{k}\), where \(\Gamma_{1} \cap \Gamma_{2} = \emptyset\). Let \(D\) be the interior of the complement of \(D_{1} \cup D_{2}\) in the extended complex plane (and thus \(\infty\) is a point in \(D\)). Let \(u(z)\) be a function harmonic in \(D_{1} \cup D_{2} \cup D \setminus \{\infty\}\) and continuously differentiable on the complex plane, and for \(k = 1\) or \(2\), and a point \(z\) on \(\Gamma_{k}\), let \[ \frac {\partial u^{-}} {\partial n} (z) \;\;\text{ and } \;\;\frac {\partial u^{+}} {\partial n} (z) \] denote the normal derivatives from the inside and the outside, respectively, relative to the curve \(\Gamma_{k}\). The basic problem considered by the author is to find a harmonic function \(u\) which satisfies the boundary conditions \[ \frac {\partial u^{-}} {\partial n} (t) = \lambda_{k} \frac {\partial u^{+}} {\partial n} (t) \quad \text{and} \quad \lambda_{k} \frac {\partial u^{+}} {\partial n} (t) + \gamma_{k}\big(u^{+}(t) - u^{-}(t)\big) = 0 \] for \(t \in \Gamma_{k}, \;k = 1, 2 \;,\) where \(\lambda_{1}, \lambda_{2}, \gamma_{1}\), and \(\gamma_{2}\) are given real numbers, and \(u(z) - \Re(p(z))\) is bounded in a neighborhood of \(\infty\), where \(p(z)\) is a given polynomial. The author deals with the case where \(\lambda_{1}, \lambda_{2}, \gamma_{1}\), and \(\gamma_{2}\) are all positive real numbers. First, the author considers an analytic function \(\phi(z)\) such that \(\Re(\phi(z)) = u(z)\) and, by a process of inversion in the circles \(\Gamma_{k}\), converts the original boundary conditions into the equations \[ \phi_{1}(z) + \mu_{1}(z - a)\phi'_{1}(z) = - \rho_{2} \overline{\phi_{2}(z_{2}^{*})} + \mu_{2} \frac {r_{2}^{2}} {z - a_{2}} \overline{\phi_{2}'(z_{2}^{*})} + g(z) \] for \(| z - a_{1}| \leq r_{1}\), and \[ \phi_{2}(z) + \mu_{2}(z - a_{2}) \phi'_{2}(z) = - \rho_{1}\overline{\phi_{1}(z_{1}^{*}))} + \mu_{1} \frac {r_{1}^{2}} {z - a_{1}} \overline{\phi'_{1}(z_{1}^{*})} + g( z) \] for \(| z - a_{2}| \leq r_{2}\), where \(\phi_{k}\) is the restriction of the function \(\phi\) to the closed disc \(D_{k} \cup \Gamma_{k}, \;k = 1, 2\), \ \(\rho_{1}, \rho_{2}, \mu_{1}\), and \(\mu_{2}\) are constants, \(z_{1}^{*}\) is the reflection of the point \(z\) in the circle \(\Gamma_{1}\), \(z_{2}^{*}\) is the reflection of the point \(z\) in the circle \(\Gamma_{2}\), and \(g(z) = p(z) + c\), where \(c\) is an arbitrary constant. The author applies a method of successive approximation to these equations to solve the problem. It is proved that the method of successive approximation does lead to a convergent sequence of functions for the cases considered. This work is related to work of \textit{L. C. Goncalves} and \textit{J. A. Kolodziej} [Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transfer 20, 111--121 (1993)] and \textit{V. V. Mityushev} and \textit{S. V. Rogosin} [Constructive methods for linear and nonlinear boundary value problems for analytic functions: theory and applications, Boca Raton, FL: Chapman \& Hall/CRC (2000; Zbl 0957.30002)].

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