Quiver varieties and the character ring of general linear groups over finite fields.
character ringsgeneral linear groups over finite fieldsquiver varietiestensor products of irreducible characters
Representations of quivers and partially ordered sets (16G20) Kac-Moody (super)algebras; extended affine Lie algebras; toroidal Lie algebras (17B67) Frobenius induction, Burnside and representation rings (19A22) Representation theory for linear algebraic groups (20G05) Linear algebraic groups over finite fields (20G40)
Summary: Given a tuple \((\mathcal X_1,\ldots,\mathcal X_k)\) of irreducible characters of \(\text{GL}_n(\mathbb F_q)\) we define a star-shaped quiver \(\Gamma\) together with a dimension vector \(\mathbf v\). Assume that \((\mathcal X_1,\ldots,\mathcal X_k)\) is generic. Our first result is a formula which expresses the multiplicity of the trivial character in the tensor product \(\mathcal X_1\otimes\cdots\otimes\mathcal X_k\) as the trace of the action of some Weyl group on the intersection cohomology of some (non-affine) quiver varieties associated to \((\Gamma,\mathbf v)\). The existence of such a quiver variety is subject to some condition. Assuming that this condition is satisfied, we prove our second result: The multiplicity \(\langle\mathcal X_1\otimes\cdots\otimes\mathcal X_k,1\rangle\) is non-zero if and only if \(\mathbf v\) is a root of the Kac-Moody algebra associated with \(\Gamma\). This is somehow similar to the connection between Horn's problem and the representation theory of \(\text{GL}_n(\mathbb C)\) [\textit{A. Knutson}, Linear Algebra Appl. 319, No. 1-3, 61-81 (2000; Zbl 0981.15010)].
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